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Effects of delayed-release dimethyl fumarate on MRI measures in the Phase 3 DEFINE study.

ABSTRACT: In the Phase 3 DEFINE study, delayed-release dimethyl fumarate (DMF) 240 mg twice (BID) and three times daily (TID) significantly reduced the mean number of new or enlarging T2-hyperintense lesions and gadolinium-enhancing (Gd+) lesion activity at 2 years in patients (MRI cohort; n = 540) with relapsing-remitting MS. The analyses described here expand on these results by considering additional MRI measures (number of T1-hypointense lesions; volume of T2-hyperintense, Gd+, and T1-hypointense lesions; brain atrophy), delineating the time course of the effects, and examining the generality of the effects across a diverse patient population. Reductions in lesion counts with delayed-release DMF BID and TID, respectively, vs. placebo were apparent by the first MRI assessment at 6 months [T2-hyperintense: 80 and 69 % reduction (both P < 0.0001); Gd+, 94 and 81 % reduction (both P < 0.0001); T1-hypointense: 58 % (P < 0.0001) and 48 % (P = 0.0005) reduction] and maintained at 1 and 2 years. Reductions in lesion volume were statistically significant beginning at 6 months for T2-hyperintense [P = 0.0002 (BID) and P = 0.0035 (TID)] and Gd+ lesions [P = 0.0059 (BID) and P = 0.0176 (TID)] and beginning at 1 year [P = 0.0126 (BID)] to 2 years [P = 0.0063 (TID)] for T1-hypointense lesions. Relative reductions in brain atrophy from baseline to 2 years (21 % reduction; P = 0.0449) and 6 months to 2 years (30 % reduction; P = 0.0214) were statistically significant for delayed-release DMF BID. The effect of delayed-release DMF on mean number of new or enlarging T2-hyperintense lesions and Gd+ lesion activity was consistent across pre-specified patient subpopulations. Collectively, these results suggest that delayed-release DMF favorably affects multiple aspects of MS pathophysiology.

SUBMITTER: Arnold DL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4155185 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:IntroductionWe report safety and efficacy in patients treated with dimethyl fumarate (DMF) for ~9 years in ENDORSE. Lymphocyte analysis data are also reported.MethodsIncidence of serious adverse events (SAEs), discontinuations due to adverse events (AEs), annualized relapse rate (ARR) and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score were assessed. Patients were treated with DMF 240 mg twice daily (BID): placebo (PBO)/DMF (PBO for years 0-2 /DMF for years 3-9) or continuous (DMF/DMF) treatment; newly diagnosed patients were included. Annual magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was evaluated in patients from the MRI cohort of DEFINE/CONFIRM. For the lymphocyte analysis, data from first DMF exposure were analyzed.ResultsOf 2079 DEFINE/CONFIRM completers, 1736 enrolled and received ⩾1 dose of DMF. The MRI cohort included 530 patients. In the overall population, 527 (30%) patients experienced SAEs; most were fall and urinary tract infection. Over 9 years on DMF treatment, adjusted ARR remained low (⩽0.20). In patients treated with PBO in years 0-2, decreased ARR was apparent as early as year 3. Of DMF/DMF and PBO/DMF patients, 73% and 74%, respectively, had no 24-week confirmed disability progression. Most patients (~70%) had no new T1 or new/newly enlarging T2 lesions compared with previous MRI scans after 7 years treatment with DMF; the annual number of new T1 hypointense lesions and new/newly enlarging T2 hyperintense lesions were 0.6-0.8 and 0.9-2.0, respectively. Mean percentage brain volume change from ENDORSE baseline (6 years treatment in ENDORSE) was -1.32% (range -1.60% to -1.05%). Of the 2513 patients with lymphocyte assessments, 2470 had ⩾1 post-baseline measurement, 53 developed severe prolonged lymphopenia and were followed for up to 11 years; incidence of serious infection was not higher than in patients with absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) always ⩾ lower limit of normal (LLN). In patients with lymphopenia while on DMF and ALC < 0.91 × 109/L at discontinuation (n = 138), median time to ALC ⩾ LLN was 7 weeks post-discontinuation.ConclusionsSustained safety and efficacy of DMF was observed in patients continuing on treatment for up to 11 years, supporting DMF as a long-term treatment option for patients with RRMS.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifiers, NCT00835770 (ENDORSE); NCT00420212 (DEFINE); NCT00451451 (CONFIRM).

Project description:Background:Gastrointestinal (GI) events are common adverse events (AEs) associated with delayed-release dimethyl fumarate (DMF), an approved treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). The objective of the TOLERATE study was to evaluate GI tolerability and GI mitigation via symptomatic therapies in patients initiating DMF in a real-world clinical setting in Germany. Methods:TOLERATE was a multicentre, open-label, single-arm study performed at 25 German sites. Endpoints were frequency, severity, duration (all primary) and mitigation of GI-related events (secondary). Patients were instructed to take DMF according to the prescribing information for up to 12 weeks and to document GI events and intake of GI-symptomatic therapy on numerical rating scales, using eDiaries. Results:A total of 211 patients were included in the safety population (71% female; mean age 40 ± 11 years). Of these, 185 patients (87.7%) reported GI-related events, out of which nearly half received GI-symptomatic therapy (84/185; 45.4%). The most frequently reported GI events were upper abdominal pain, flatulence and nausea. GI-related events peaked during the first 3 weeks of therapy and rapidly decreased thereafter. The severity of GI events over 12 weeks according to the Modified Overall Gastrointestinal Symptom Scale were mild to moderate in the majority of patients reporting GI-related events and taking symptomatic GI medication (53.6%). Only 10% of all patients discontinued study treatment due to AEs in general, while 6.6% discontinued due to GI-related events. The severity of GI-related events decreased over time in patients who received symptomatic treatment with one or more medications (e.g. acid secretion blockers, antidiarrhoeals or antiemetics). Conclusion:Gastrointestinal events associated with delayed-release DMF were mainly mild to moderate in severity. Prevalence of GI events peaked during the first 3 weeks of therapy and rapidly faded thereafter. Although 44.9% of patients experiencing GI events used common GI symptomatic therapies, only 6.6% of patients discontinued DMF because of GI events, suggesting that GI events could be managed well with common symptomatic therapy.

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Effects of delayed-release dimethyl fumarate on MRI measures in the Phase 3 DEFINE study.

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