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Early adolescent cognitive gains are marked by increased sleep EEG coherence.

ABSTRACT: Although the increases in cognitive capacities of adolescent humans are concurrent with significant cortical restructuring, functional associations between these phenomena are unclear. We examined the association between cortical development, as measured by the sleep EEG, and cognitive performance in a sample of 9/10 year olds followed up 1 to 3 years later. Our cognitive measures included a response inhibition task (Stroop), an executive control task (Trail Making), and a verbal fluency task (FAS). We correlated sleep EEG measures of power and intra-hemispheric coherence at the initial assessment with performance at that assessment. In addition we correlated the rate of change across assessments in sleep EEG measures with the rate of change in performance. We found no correlation between sleep EEG power and performance on cognitive tasks for the initial assessment. In contrast, we found a significant correlation of the rate of change in intra-hemispheric coherence for the sigma band (11 to 16 Hz) with rate of change in performance on the Stroop (r = 0.61; p<0.02) and Trail Making (r =? -0.51; p<0.02) but no association for the FAS. Thus, plastic changes in connectivity (i.e., sleep EEG coherence) were associated with improvement in complex cognitive function.

SUBMITTER: Tarokh L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4160237 | biostudies-literature | 2014

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Early adolescent cognitive gains are marked by increased sleep EEG coherence.

Tarokh Leila L Carskadon Mary A MA Achermann Peter P

PloS one 20140910 9

Although the increases in cognitive capacities of adolescent humans are concurrent with significant cortical restructuring, functional associations between these phenomena are unclear. We examined the association between cortical development, as measured by the sleep EEG, and cognitive performance in a sample of 9/10 year olds followed up 1 to 3 years later. Our cognitive measures included a response inhibition task (Stroop), an executive control task (Trail Making), and a verbal fluency task (F ...[more]

PMID: 25208326

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Project description:BackgroundEnriched language exposure may benefit infants in the neonatal intensive care unit. We hypothesized that changes in neonatal electroencephalogram (EEG) coherence during sleep, in response to maternal voice exposure, predict language development.MethodsConvalescent neonates underwent 12-h polysomnography. A recording of the mother's voice was randomized to continuous playback in the first or second 6 h. We calculated the imaginary coherence (ICOH-a measure of functional connectivity) between EEG leads. Spearman correlations were computed between ICOH and 18-month Bayley-III language scores.ResultsThirty-five neonates were included (N = 18 33-to-<35 weeks gestation; N = 17 ≥ 35 weeks). Predictive value of ICOH during neonatal non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep was left lateralized, and varied with gestational age and voice playback. ICOH in the left-hemispheric (C3-Cz; T3-Cz) channels across multiple EEG frequency bands was associated with 18-month language scores (rho = -0.34 to -0.48). The association was driven by neonates born at 33-34 weeks gestation, and a trend suggested a possible effect of maternal voice at some EEG frequencies. Right hemisphere ICOH (C4-Cz; T4-Cz) was not associated with language outcome.ConclusionsLeft-hemispheric EEG functional connectivity during neonatal NREM sleep shows early signs of physiologic asymmetry that may predict language development. We speculate that sleep analyses could have unique prognostic value.ImpactDuring neonatal NREM sleep, EEG functional connectivity predicts future language development. Left temporal and central EEG coherence-specifically the imaginary component of coherence-is predictive, whereas the same analysis from the right hemisphere is not. These results appear to vary according to the infant's gestational age, and a trend suggests they may be enhanced by measuring functional connectivity during exposure to the mother's voice. These findings identify early evidence of physiologic differentiation within the cerebral hemispheres and raise the possibility that neonatal NREM sleep has a role to play in language development.

Project description:Cognitive processes are carried out during wakefulness by means of extensive interactions between cortical and subcortical areas. In psychiatric conditions, such as psychosis, these processes are altered. Interestingly, REM sleep where most dreams occurs, shares electrophysiological, pharmacological, and neurochemical features with psychosis. Because of this fact, REM sleep is considered a natural model of psychosis. Ketamine is a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist that at sub-anesthetic dose induces psychotomimetic-like effects in humans and animals, and is employed as a pharmacological model of psychosis. Oscillations in the gamma frequency band of the electroencephalogram (EEG), mainly at about 40 Hz, have been involved in cognitive functions. Hence, the present study was conducted to analyze the EEG low gamma (30-45 Hz) band power and coherence of the cat, in natural (REM sleep) and pharmacological (sub-anesthetic doses of ketamine) models of psychosis. These results were compared with the gamma activity during alert (AW) and quiet wakefulness (QW), as well as during non-REM (NREM) sleep. Five cats were chronically prepared for polysomnographic recordings, with electrodes in different cortical areas. Basal recordings were obtained and ketamine (5, 10, and 15 mg/kg, i.m.) was administrated. Gamma activity (power and coherence) was analyzed in the abovementioned conditions. Compared to wakefulness and NREM sleep, following ketamine administration gamma coherence decreased among all cortical regions studied; the same coherence profile was observed during REM sleep. On the contrary, gamma power was relatively high under ketamine, and similar to QW and REM sleep. We conclude that functional interactions between cortical areas in the gamma frequency band decrease in both experimental models of psychosis. This uncoupling of gamma frequency activity may be involved in the cognitive features shared by dreaming and psychosis.

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Early adolescent cognitive gains are marked by increased sleep EEG coherence.

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Early adolescent cognitive gains are marked by increased sleep EEG coherence.

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