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The Glanville fritillary genome retains an ancient karyotype and reveals selective chromosomal fusions in Lepidoptera.


ABSTRACT: Previous studies have reported that chromosome synteny in Lepidoptera has been well conserved, yet the number of haploid chromosomes varies widely from 5 to 223. Here we report the genome (393?Mb) of the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia; Nymphalidae), a widely recognized model species in metapopulation biology and eco-evolutionary research, which has the putative ancestral karyotype of n=31. Using a phylogenetic analyses of Nymphalidae and of other Lepidoptera, combined with orthologue-level comparisons of chromosomes, we conclude that the ancestral lepidopteran karyotype has been n=31 for at least 140?My. We show that fusion chromosomes have retained the ancestral chromosome segments and very few rearrangements have occurred across the fusion sites. The same, shortest ancestral chromosomes have independently participated in fusion events in species with smaller karyotypes. The short chromosomes have higher rearrangement rate than long ones. These characteristics highlight distinctive features of the evolutionary dynamics of butterflies and moths.

SUBMITTER: Ahola V 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4164777 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The Glanville fritillary genome retains an ancient karyotype and reveals selective chromosomal fusions in Lepidoptera.

Ahola Virpi V   Lehtonen Rainer R   Somervuo Panu P   Salmela Leena L   Koskinen Patrik P   Rastas Pasi P   Välimäki Niko N   Paulin Lars L   Kvist Jouni J   Wahlberg Niklas N   Tanskanen Jaakko J   Hornett Emily A EA   Ferguson Laura C LC   Luo Shiqi S   Cao Zijuan Z   de Jong Maaike A MA   Duplouy Anne A   Smolander Olli-Pekka OP   Vogel Heiko H   McCoy Rajiv C RC   Qian Kui K   Chong Wong Swee WS   Zhang Qin Q   Ahmad Freed F   Haukka Jani K JK   Joshi Aruj A   Salojärvi Jarkko J   Wheat Christopher W CW   Grosse-Wilde Ewald E   Hughes Daniel D   Katainen Riku R   Pitkänen Esa E   Ylinen Johannes J   Waterhouse Robert M RM   Turunen Mikko M   Vähärautio Anna A   Ojanen Sami P SP   Schulman Alan H AH   Taipale Minna M   Lawson Daniel D   Ukkonen Esko E   Mäkinen Veli V   Goldsmith Marian R MR   Holm Liisa L   Auvinen Petri P   Frilander Mikko J MJ   Hanski Ilkka I  

Nature communications 20140905


Previous studies have reported that chromosome synteny in Lepidoptera has been well conserved, yet the number of haploid chromosomes varies widely from 5 to 223. Here we report the genome (393 Mb) of the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia; Nymphalidae), a widely recognized model species in metapopulation biology and eco-evolutionary research, which has the putative ancestral karyotype of n=31. Using a phylogenetic analyses of Nymphalidae and of other Lepidoptera, combined with ortho  ...[more]

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