Dataset Information

Clarifying the relationship between impulsive delay discounting and nicotine dependence.

ABSTRACT: Impulsive delayed reward discounting (DRD) has been linked to nicotine dependence, but with some inconsistency. This may be related to the considerable variability in the literature with regard to the DRD assessments used, particularly in the case of the reward magnitudes assessed. In addition, previous studies have often not considered concurrent substance use when examining the relationship between DRD and nicotine dependence. The current study sought to further clarify the relationship between DRD and nicotine dependence by characterizing DRD across diverse reward magnitudes and incorporating other substance use. Daily smokers (N = 933) were assessed for DRD preferences across nine reward magnitudes (delayed reward range: $2.50-$850), comorbid substance use, and relevant demographic variables (age, education, income). A significant large effect size magnitude effect was found for DRD, reflecting steeper discounting for smaller delayed rewards, but significant correlations across magnitudes also suggested similar relative levels of discounting. Principal components analysis (PCA) was used to generate a single latent index of discounting across all magnitudes that accounted for 69% of the total variance. In correlation and regression analyses, steeper composite DRD was significantly associated with nicotine dependence severity. This relationship remained statistically significant after incorporating demographic variables and alcohol and illicit drug use. These findings provide evidence of a specific link between impulsive DRD and nicotine dependence and reveal that this association is robust across a broad range of monetary rewards. The study also demonstrates the utility of using PCA to generate latent indices of delay discounting across multiple magnitudes of delayed reward.

SUBMITTER: Amlung M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4165767 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Clarifying the relationship between impulsive delay discounting and nicotine dependence.

Amlung Michael M MacKillop James J

Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors 20140519 3

Impulsive delayed reward discounting (DRD) has been linked to nicotine dependence, but with some inconsistency. This may be related to the considerable variability in the literature with regard to the DRD assessments used, particularly in the case of the reward magnitudes assessed. In addition, previous studies have often not considered concurrent substance use when examining the relationship between DRD and nicotine dependence. The current study sought to further clarify the relationship betwee ...[more]

PMID: 24841186

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Project description:RationaleAlcohol use disorder (AUD) has been associated with greater discounting of delayed monetary rewards, but it is unclear whether this association is primarily related to alcohol consumption or is secondary to the presence of psychiatric comorbidities. It is also unclear if steeper rates of discounting are associated with greater AUD severity.ObjectiveWe sought to determine whether the presence of comorbid psychiatric disorders affected the relationship between AUD and delay discounting. We also examined whether more severe AUD was associated with greater delay discounting.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 793 adults completed a delay discounting task. Subjects were divided into four groups based on diagnosis: current AUD with psychiatric comorbidities (N = 226), current AUD without psychiatric comorbidities (N = 203), past AUD (N = 69), and healthy controls (N = 295). In those with AUD, we investigated the relationship between delay discounting and alcohol dependence symptom count and recent drinking history. We also compared individuals seeking treatment to non-treatment seeking individuals. Psychiatric comorbidities examined included mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and substance use disorders.ResultsAfter adjusting for age, sex, income, and education, individuals with current AUD showed significantly higher rates of delay discounting than healthy controls and individuals with a past diagnosis of AUD. The presence of comorbid psychiatric diagnoses was not associated with steeper discounting. Among those with AUD, there was no evidence for a continuous relationship between delay discounting and AUD severity or alcohol consumption. Finally, non-treatment seekers with AUD had steeper delay discounting than treatment seekers.ConclusionsIndividuals with AUD show steeper delay discounting than healthy adults, but the effect is small and there is no added effect from comorbid psychopathology or increased AUD severity. This suggests that steeper delay discounting may have a more limited effect on human alcohol use than previously supposed.

Dataset Information

Clarifying the relationship between impulsive delay discounting and nicotine dependence.

Publications

Clarifying the relationship between impulsive delay discounting and nicotine dependence.

Similar Datasets

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