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Cranial radiation for pediatric T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

ABSTRACT: There are heterogeneous approaches to cranial radiation therapy (CRT) for T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). We performed a systematic review of studies that specified a radiation strategy and reported survival for pediatric T-ALL. Our analysis included 62 publications reporting 78 treatment groups (patient n = 5844). The average event-free survival (EFS) was higher by 6% per 5 years (P < 0.001). Adjusting for year, EFS differed by radiation strategy. Compared to the reference group (CRT for all) which had a year-adjusted EFS of 65% (95% confidence interval, CI: 61-69%) the adjusted EFS was significantly worse (rate difference (RD)?=?-9%, 95% CI: -15 to -2%) among studies that used a risk-directed approach to CRT (P = 0.004). The adjusted EFS for the other strategies were not significantly different compared to the reference group: CRT for central nervous system positive patients only (RD = -3%, 95% CI: -14 to 7%, P = 0.49); CRT omitted for all patients (RD = 5%, 95% CI: -4 to 15%, P = 0.33). CRT may not be necessary with current chemotherapy for T-ALL. These findings, however, are susceptible to bias and caution should be applied in drawing conclusions on the comparative effectiveness of alternative CRT strategies.

SUBMITTER: Kelly MJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4167220 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Cranial radiation for pediatric T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Kelly Michael J MJ Trikalinos Thomas A TA Dahabreh Issa J IJ Gianferante Matthew M Parsons Susan K SK

American journal of hematology 20140722 10

There are heterogeneous approaches to cranial radiation therapy (CRT) for T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). We performed a systematic review of studies that specified a radiation strategy and reported survival for pediatric T-ALL. Our analysis included 62 publications reporting 78 treatment groups (patient n = 5844). The average event-free survival (EFS) was higher by 6% per 5 years (P < 0.001). Adjusting for year, EFS differed by radiation strategy. Compared to the reference group ...[more]

PMID: 24912665

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Project description:BackgroundProphylactic cranial irradiation has been a standard treatment in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who are at high risk for central nervous system (CNS) relapse.MethodsWe conducted a clinical trial to test whether prophylactic cranial irradiation could be omitted from treatment in all children with newly diagnosed ALL. A total of 498 patients who could be evaluated were enrolled. Treatment intensity was based on presenting features and the level of minimal residual disease after remission-induction treatment. The duration of continuous complete remission in the 71 patients who previously would have received prophylactic cranial irradiation was compared with that of 56 historical controls who received it.ResultsThe 5-year event-free and overall survival probabilities for all 498 patients were 85.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 79.9 to 91.3) and 93.5% (95% CI, 89.8 to 97.2), respectively. The 5-year cumulative risk of isolated CNS relapse was 2.7% (95% CI, 1.1 to 4.3), and that of any CNS relapse (including isolated relapse and combined relapse) was 3.9% (95% CI, 1.9 to 5.9). The 71 patients had significantly longer continuous complete remission than the 56 historical controls (P=0.04). All 11 patients with isolated CNS relapse remained in second remission for 0.4 to 5.5 years. CNS leukemia (CNS-3 status) or a traumatic lumbar puncture with blast cells at diagnosis and a high level of minimal residual disease (> or = 1%) after 6 weeks of remission induction were significantly associated with poorer event-free survival. Risk factors for CNS relapse included the genetic abnormality t(1;19)(TCF3-PBX1), any CNS involvement at diagnosis, and T-cell immunophenotype. Common adverse effects included allergic reactions to asparaginase, osteonecrosis, thrombosis, and disseminated fungal infection.ConclusionsWith effective risk-adjusted chemotherapy, prophylactic cranial irradiation can be safely omitted from the treatment of childhood ALL. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00137111.)

Dataset Information

Cranial radiation for pediatric T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Publications

Cranial radiation for pediatric T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

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