Dataset Information

Failure to identify HIV-infected individuals in a clinical trial using a single HIV rapid test for screening.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:In the HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 061 study, 8 (2.3%) of 348 HIV-infected participants identified as HIV uninfected at study enrollment using a single HIV rapid test for screening were found to be HIV infected after additional testing. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the performance of different HIV assays for detection of HIV infection in HPTN 061 participants with missed infection and individuals with viral suppression. METHODS:Plasma samples from 8 HPTN 061 participants, 17 elite controllers, and 101 individuals on antiretroviral treatment (ART) were tested for HIV with 3 rapid tests, 2 laboratory-based immunoassays, and a Western blot assay. The HPTN 061 samples were also tested with 2 HIV RNA assays and an antiretroviral drug assay. RESULTS:Of the 8 HPTN 061 participants with missed infection, 1 was an elite controller, 1 was taking ART, 2 were missed because of testing or clerical errors, 1 had recent HIV infection (identified using a multi-assay algorithm), and 3 had acute HIV infection. Two (1.7%) of 118 individuals with viral suppression (both taking ART) had at least 1 false-negative test. CONCLUSIONS:In clinical trials, HIV infections can be missed for a variety of reasons. Using more than one assay to screen for HIV infection may reduce the number of missed infections.

SUBMITTER: Piwowar-Manning E

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4167641 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Mar-Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Failure to identify HIV-infected individuals in a clinical trial using a single HIV rapid test for screening.

Piwowar-Manning Estelle E Fogel Jessica M JM Laeyendecker Oliver O Wolf Shauna S Cummings Vanessa V Marzinke Mark A MA Clarke William W Breaud Autumn A Wendel Sarah S Wang Lei L Swanson Priscilla P Hackett John J Mannheimer Sharon S Del Rio Carlos C Kuo Irene I Harawa Nina T NT Koblin Beryl A BA Moore Richard R Blankson Joel N JN Eshleman Susan H SH

HIV clinical trials 20140301 2

<h4>Background</h4>In the HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 061 study, 8 (2.3%) of 348 HIV-infected participants identified as HIV uninfected at study enrollment using a single HIV rapid test for screening were found to be HIV infected after additional testing.<h4>Objectives</h4>To evaluate the performance of different HIV assays for detection of HIV infection in HPTN 061 participants with missed infection and individuals with viral suppression.<h4>Methods</h4>Plasma samples from 8 HPTN 061 p ...[more]

PMID: 24710920

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Project description:BACKGROUND:HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) remains prevalent in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). The prevalence of HAND in Hong Kong is not known. METHODS:Between 2013 and 2015, 98 treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected individuals were referred to and screened by the AIDS Clinical Service, Queen Elizabeth Hospital with (1) the International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS), a screening tool that targets moderate to severe HAND, (2) the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), a frequently used cognitive screening test and (3) the Patient Health Questionnare-9 (PHQ-9), a 9-item questionnaire that evaluates depression symptoms. Within the study period, 57 of them completed the second set of IHDS and MoCA at 6?months after baseline assessment. RESULTS:Most participants were male (94%), with a median age of 31?years. At baseline, 38 (39%) and 25 (26%) of them scored below the IHDS (?10) and MoCA (25/26) cut-offs respectively. Poor IHDS performers also scored lower on MoCA (p?=?0.039) but the correlation between IHDS and MoCA performance was weak (r?=?0.29, p?=?0.004). Up to a third of poor IHDS performers (13/38) showed moderate depression (PHQ-9?>?9). In the multivariable analysis, a lower education level (p?=?0.088), a history of prior psychiatric illness (p?=?0.091) and the presence of moderate depression (p?=?0.079) tended to be significantly associated with poor IHDS performance. At follow-up, 54 out of 57 were on cART, of which 46 (85%) had achieved viral suppression. Their blood CD4+ T-lymphocytes and IHDS scores were higher at follow-up compared to baseline values (both p?<?0.001) but their MoCA performance was similar at both assessments. Of note, 17 participants in this subgroup scored below the IHDS cut-off at both assessments. CONCLUSIONS:Poor IHDS performance, and likely cognitive impairment, was frequently observed in treatment-naïve HIV-infected individuals in our locality. A considerable proportion continued to score below the IHDS cut-off at 6?months after cART. Depression was frequently observed in this vulnerable population and was associated with poor IHDS performance.

Project description:National guidelines recommend screening for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in all HIV-infected patients. Thus, the objective of this study was to measure protocol adherence to national guidelines regarding LTBI screening for HIV-infected patients entering care at an urban primary care clinic specializing in HIV care, identify clinical and other characteristics associated with adherence, and determine whether transitioning from the tuberculin skin test (TST) to the interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) improved adherence. We conducted a retrospective study using protocol adherence to LTBI screening guidelines within twelve months of entering care at an HIV clinic as the primary outcome. Successful protocol adherence was defined as the placement and reading of a TST, performance of an IGRA, or a note in study clinic records documenting prior testing or treatment for tuberculosis in an outside setting. Multivariable modified Poisson regression models were used in analyses. Overall, 32% (n?=?118/372) of patients received LTBI screening within twelve months of entering care. Protocol adherence to LTBI screening guidelines increased from 28% to 37% following the transition from TST to IGRA screening. IGRA screening [adjusted prevalence ratio: 1.45, 95% confidence limits: (1.07, 1.96)], male sex [1.47 (1.05, 2.07)], transfer patient status [1.51 (1.05, 2.18)], and greater than one year of clinic attendance [1.62 (1.06, 2.48)] were independently associated with protocol adherence. Among patients without prior LTBI screening or treatment, patients entering the clinic in 2013 under the IGRA screening protocol were more likely to be screened for LTBI compared to patients entering under the TST screening protocol (34.3% vs. 9.7%, p?<?0.001). In conclusion, transitioning from TST to IGRA-based screening improved adherence to screening guidelines. However, further work on improving adherence to LTBI screening guidelines among HIV-infected patients is needed.

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Failure to identify HIV-infected individuals in a clinical trial using a single HIV rapid test for screening.

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Failure to identify HIV-infected individuals in a clinical trial using a single HIV rapid test for screening.

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