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Adnexal Torsion in Pregnancy after Assisted Reproduction - Case Study and Review of the Literature.

ABSTRACT: Purpose: Aim of the study was to investigate the incidence, progress, management and outcome of adnexal torsion after controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in embryo transfer cycles. Materials and Method: A retrospective analysis was done of 1007 patients of a private IVF centre. The literature on adnexal torsion is reviewed. Results: In the literature, the incidence of adnexal torsion after assisted reproductive technologies (ART) is given as around 0.2?%. A significant increase of up to 33?% has been reported for cases with additional ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and in pregnant women. In our retrospective analysis of 1007 women (incidence 0.46?%) with 1411 fresh embryo transfer cycles, we found an incidence of 0.35?% per embryo transfer. All adnexal torsions were treated by laparoscopic derotation to preserve fertility. All 5 cases with torsion were pregnant, 2 patients had mild OHSS. We recorded 3 term deliveries, 1 induced abortion for sirenomelia, and 1 missed abortion. Conclusion: Adnexal torsion must be kept in mind after hyperstimulation and embryo transfer, especially when pregnancy or OHSS is also present. With early diagnosis, it should be possible to preserve fertility using laparoscopic derotation.

SUBMITTER: Spitzer D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4168525 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Adnexal Torsion in Pregnancy after Assisted Reproduction - Case Study and Review of the Literature.

Spitzer D D Wirleitner B B Steiner H H Zech N H NH

Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde 20120801 8

Purpose: Aim of the study was to investigate the incidence, progress, management and outcome of adnexal torsion after controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in embryo transfer cycles. Materials and Method: A retrospective analysis was done of 1007 patients of a private IVF centre. The literature on adnexal torsion is reviewed. Results: In the literature, the incidence of adnexal torsion after assisted reproductive technologies (ART) is given as around 0.2 %. A significant incre ...[more]

PMID: 25258463

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Project description:For acute adnexal torsion of pregnant women, appropriate treatment based on an accurate diagnosis is especially important for fertility preservation and timely treatment. The 2017 American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) Committee Opinion No. 723 announced its practice-changing guidelines to ensure that diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) conducted during the first trimester and gadolinium exposure at any time during pregnancy are safe for fetal stability. Unfortunately, few studies have been performed to evaluate the usefulness of the diagnostic accuracy of MRI for acute adnexal torsion during pregnancy. We sought to determine the efficacy of diagnostic MRI modality using multiparameter for maternal adnexal torsion during pregnancy. From 1 January 2007 to 31 January 2019, 131 pregnant with MRI tests were reviewed. In this retrospective cohort study, 94 women were excluded due to conditions other than an adnexal mass, and 37 were identified through MRI analyses conducted before surgery for suspected adnexal torsion. The primary outcome was the diagnostic accuracy of sonography and MRI, and the secondary outcome was the usefulness of Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values for predicting the severity of hemorrhagic infarction between the medulla and cortex of the torsed ovarian parenchyma. Our study demonstrates that in the diagnosis of adnexal torsion during pregnancy, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value are 62.5%, 83.3%, 90.9%, and 45.5% for sonography and 100%, 77.8%, 90.5%, and 100% for MRI. MRI results in surgical-proven adnexal torsion patients revealed unilocular ovarian cysts (36.8% (7/19)), multilocular ovarian cysts (31.6% (6/19)), and near normal-appearing ovaries (31.6% (6/19)). Pathology in adnexal torsion revealed a corpus luteal ovarian cyst (63.2% (12/19)) and underlying adnexal pathology (46.8% (7/19)). Maternal adnexal torsion during pregnancy was more likely to occur in corpus luteal ovarian cysts than in underlying adnexal masses (odds ratio, 2.14; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.428-10.738). MRI features for adnexal torsion were as follows: tubal wall thickness, 100% (19/19); ovarian stromal (medullary) edema, 100% (19/19); symmetrical or asymmetrical ovarian cystic wall, 100%(19/19); prominent follicles in the ovarian parenchyma periphery, 57.9% (11/19); periadenxal fat stranding, 84.2% (16/19); uterine deviation to the twisted side, 21.1% (4/19); and peritoneal fluid, 42.1% (8/19). The signal intensity of the ADC values of the ovarian medulla and cortex were compared between the cystectomy and detorsion (CD) and salpingo-oophorectomy (SO) groups. The ADC values of the CD and SO groups were 1.81 ± 0.09 × 10-3 mm2/s and 1.91 ± 0.18 × 10-3 mm2/s, respectively (P = 0.209), in the ovarian medulla and 1.37 ± 0.32 × 10-3 mm2/s and 0.96 ± 0.36 × 10-3 mm2/s, respectively (P = 0.022), in the ovarian cortex. The optimal cut-off value of ADC values for predictable total necrosis in the torsed ovarian cortex was ≤ 1.31 × 10-3 mm2/s (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.81; 95% CI 0.611-1.0; P = 0.028). Our data showed that maternal adnexal torsion during pregnancy occurred in most corpus luteal cystic ovary cases and some normal-appearing ovary during the 1st and 2nd trimesters of gestation. Therefore, this study is the first study to elaborate on the existence or usefulness of the diagnostic MRI for acute maternal adnexal torsion during pregnancy and to provide a predictive diagnosis of the severity of hemorrhagic infarction for deciding surgical radicality.

Project description:BackgroundThe use of fertility treatments has been growing over the past decade, but these treatments are not without risk. We aimed to quantify the risk of preterm birth associated with the use of ovarian stimulators (OS) and assisted reproductive technologies (ART) overall and by type of fertility treatment.MethodsWe conducted a case-control analysis of data from the Quebec Pregnancy Cohort. We included singleton pregnancies ending in a live birth during the time when Quebec operated a universal reimbursement program for assisted reproduction (2010-2015). Fertility treatments were defined dichotomously, and pregnancies resulting from spontaneous conception were used as the reference. We categorized fertility treatments into subgroups: ovarian stimulators alone, ART alone and OS and ART combined. Preterm birth was defined as birth before 37 weeks' gestation. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) for the association between type of assisted reproduction and preterm birth using generalized estimating equation models and adjusted ORs for potential confounders.ResultsA total of 57 624 pregnancies were included in the study. During the study period, 2055 pregnancies were conceived through the use of OS, ART or both: 419 involved OS alone, 150 involved ART alone and 1486 involved both OS and ART. When we adjusted for potential confounders, conception with OS, ART or both was associated with an increased risk of preterm birth (adjusted OR 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.25-1.72, 182 exposed cases). All types of assisted reproduction were associated with an increased risk of preterm birth compared with pregnancies conceived spontaneously (OS alone: adjusted OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.04-2.07; ART alone: adjusted OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.01-3.06; OS and ART combined: adjusted OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.19-1.73). Use of OS or ART or both was associated with an increased risk of late, moderate and extremely preterm birth (extremely preterm birth: adjusted OR 2.39, 95% CI 1.30-4.39).InterpretationCompared with pregnancies conceived spontaneously, pregnancies conceived through the use of OS, ART or both were associated with a 46% increased risk of preterm birth. Physicians should advise patients of the increased risks of late, moderate and extremely preterm birth so that they can make informed choices.

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Adnexal Torsion in Pregnancy after Assisted Reproduction - Case Study and Review of the Literature.

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Adnexal Torsion in Pregnancy after Assisted Reproduction - Case Study and Review of the Literature.

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