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Genome of the avirulent human-infective trypanosome--Trypanosoma rangeli.

ABSTRACT: Trypanosoma rangeli is a hemoflagellate protozoan parasite infecting humans and other wild and domestic mammals across Central and South America. It does not cause human disease, but it can be mistaken for the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, Trypanosoma cruzi. We have sequenced the T. rangeli genome to provide new tools for elucidating the distinct and intriguing biology of this species and the key pathways related to interaction with its arthropod and mammalian hosts.The T. rangeli haploid genome is ? 24 Mb in length, and is the smallest and least repetitive trypanosomatid genome sequenced thus far. This parasite genome has shorter subtelomeric sequences compared to those of T. cruzi and T. brucei; displays intraspecific karyotype variability and lacks minichromosomes. Of the predicted 7,613 protein coding sequences, functional annotations could be determined for 2,415, while 5,043 are hypothetical proteins, some with evidence of protein expression. 7,101 genes (93%) are shared with other trypanosomatids that infect humans. An ortholog of the dcl2 gene involved in the T. brucei RNAi pathway was found in T. rangeli, but the RNAi machinery is non-functional since the other genes in this pathway are pseudogenized. T. rangeli is highly susceptible to oxidative stress, a phenotype that may be explained by a smaller number of anti-oxidant defense enzymes and heat-shock proteins.Phylogenetic comparison of nuclear and mitochondrial genes indicates that T. rangeli and T. cruzi are equidistant from T. brucei. In addition to revealing new aspects of trypanosome co-evolution within the vertebrate and invertebrate hosts, comparative genomic analysis with pathogenic trypanosomatids provides valuable new information that can be further explored with the aim of developing better diagnostic tools and/or therapeutic targets.

SUBMITTER: Stoco PH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4169256 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Genome of the avirulent human-infective trypanosome--Trypanosoma rangeli.

Stoco Patrícia Hermes PH Wagner Glauber G Talavera-Lopez Carlos C Gerber Alexandra A Zaha Arnaldo A Thompson Claudia Elizabeth CE Bartholomeu Daniella Castanheira DC Lückemeyer Débora Denardin DD Bahia Diana D Loreto Elgion E Prestes Elisa Beatriz EB Lima Fábio Mitsuo FM Rodrigues-Luiz Gabriela G Vallejo Gustavo Adolfo GA Filho José Franco da Silveira JF Schenkman Sérgio S Monteiro Karina Mariante KM Tyler Kevin Morris KM de Almeida Luiz Gonzaga Paula LG Ortiz Mauro Freitas MF Chiurillo Miguel Angel MA de Moraes Milene Höehr MH Cunha Oberdan de Lima Ode L Mendonça-Neto Rondon R Silva Rosane R Teixeira Santuza Maria Ribeiro SM Murta Silvane Maria Fonseca SM Sincero Thais Cristine Marques TC Mendes Tiago Antonio de Oliveira TA Urmenyi Turán Peter TP Silva Viviane Grazielle VG DaRocha Wanderson Duarte WD Andersson Björn B Romanha Alvaro José AJ Steindel Mário M de Vasconcelos Ana Tereza Ribeiro AT Grisard Edmundo Carlos EC

PLoS neglected tropical diseases 20140918 9

<h4>Background</h4>Trypanosoma rangeli is a hemoflagellate protozoan parasite infecting humans and other wild and domestic mammals across Central and South America. It does not cause human disease, but it can be mistaken for the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, Trypanosoma cruzi. We have sequenced the T. rangeli genome to provide new tools for elucidating the distinct and intriguing biology of this species and the key pathways related to interaction with its arthropod and mammalian hosts.<h4>M ...[more]

PMID: 25233456

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Project description:BackgroundTrypanosoma conorhini and Trypanosoma rangeli, like Trypanosoma cruzi, are kinetoplastid protist parasites of mammals displaying divergent hosts, geographic ranges and lifestyles. Largely nonpathogenic T. rangeli and T. conorhini represent clades that are phylogenetically closely related to the T. cruzi and T. cruzi-like taxa and provide insights into the evolution of pathogenicity in those parasites. T. rangeli, like T. cruzi is endemic in many Latin American countries, whereas T. conorhini is tropicopolitan. T. rangeli and T. conorhini are exclusively extracellular, while T. cruzi has an intracellular stage in the mammalian host.ResultsHere we provide the first comprehensive sequence analysis of T. rangeli AM80 and T. conorhini 025E, and provide a comparison of their genomes to those of T. cruzi G and T. cruzi CL, respectively members of T. cruzi lineages TcI and TcVI. We report de novo assembled genome sequences of the low-virulent T. cruzi G, T. rangeli AM80, and T. conorhini 025E ranging from ~ 21-25 Mbp, with ~ 10,000 to 13,000 genes, and for the highly virulent and hybrid T. cruzi CL we present a ~ 65 Mbp in-house assembled haplotyped genome with ~ 12,500 genes per haplotype. Single copy orthologs of the two T. cruzi strains exhibited ~ 97% amino acid identity, and ~ 78% identity to proteins of T. rangeli or T. conorhini. Proteins of the latter two organisms exhibited ~ 84% identity. T. cruzi CL exhibited the highest heterozygosity. T. rangeli and T. conorhini displayed greater metabolic capabilities for utilization of complex carbohydrates, and contained fewer retrotransposons and multigene family copies, i.e. trans-sialidases, mucins, DGF-1, and MASP, compared to T. cruzi.ConclusionsOur analyses of the T. rangeli and T. conorhini genomes closely reflected their phylogenetic proximity to the T. cruzi clade, and were largely consistent with their divergent life cycles. Our results provide a greater context for understanding the life cycles, host range expansion, immunity evasion, and pathogenesis of these trypanosomatids.

Dataset Information

Genome of the avirulent human-infective trypanosome--Trypanosoma rangeli.

Publications

Genome of the avirulent human-infective trypanosome--Trypanosoma rangeli.

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