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Systemic Induction of the Small Antibacterial Compound in the Leaf Exudate During Benzothiadiazole-elicited Systemic Acquired Resistance in Pepper.

ABSTRACT: Plants protect themselves from diverse potential pathogens by induction of the immune systems such as systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Most bacterial plant pathogens thrive in the intercellular space (apoplast) of plant tissues and cause symptoms. The apoplastic leaf exudate (LE) is believed to contain nutrients to provide food resource for phytopathogenic bacteria to survive and to bring harmful phytocompounds to protect plants against bacterial pathogens. In this study, we employed the pepper-Xanthomonas axonopodis system to assess whether apoplastic fluid from LE in pepper affects the fitness of X. axonopodis during the induction of SAR. The LE was extracted from pepper leaves 7 days after soil drench-application of a chemical trigger, benzothiadiazole (BTH). Elicitation of plant immunity was confirmed by significant up-regulation of four genes, CaPR1, CaPR4, CaPR9, and CaCHI2, by BTH treatment. Bacterial fitness was evaluated by measuring growth rate during cultivation with LE from BTH- or water-treated leaves. LE from BTH-treatment significantly inhibited bacterial growth when compared to that from the water-treated control. The antibacterial activity of LE from BTH-treated samples was not affected by heating at 100°C for 30 min. Although the antibacterial molecules were not precisely identified, the data suggest that small (less than 5 kDa), heat-stable compound(s) that are present in BTH-induced LE directly attenuate bacterial growth during the elicitation of plant immunity.

SUBMITTER: Lee B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4174804 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Systemic Induction of the Small Antibacterial Compound in the Leaf Exudate During Benzothiadiazole-elicited Systemic Acquired Resistance in Pepper.

Lee Boyoung B Park Yong-Soon YS Yi Hwe-Su HS Ryu Choong-Min CM

The plant pathology journal 20130901 3

Plants protect themselves from diverse potential pathogens by induction of the immune systems such as systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Most bacterial plant pathogens thrive in the intercellular space (apoplast) of plant tissues and cause symptoms. The apoplastic leaf exudate (LE) is believed to contain nutrients to provide food resource for phytopathogenic bacteria to survive and to bring harmful phytocompounds to protect plants against bacterial pathogens. In this study, we employed the pepp ...[more]

PMID: 25288963

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Project description:The ability of plant resistance inducers to provide protection against viral diseases is one of their main advantages over conventional pesticides. In the case of viral diseases that cannot be controlled directly with pesticides, insecticides are used to control the vectors of viruses. However, the effectiveness of such treatments is strictly dependent on the time of application. The plant response to the application of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) inducers, as a result of the stimulating action of these substances, does not depend on the time of application as it triggers the plant's natural defence mechanism. The best-recognised substance showing SAR inducer activity is acibenzolar-S-methyl ester (ASM, BTH). As its activity against different plant pathogens of crops has been well documented, the current research is concentrated on the search for novel substances of the type. The tested substance, N-methoxy-N-methylbenzo(1,2,3)thiadiazole-7-carboxamide (BTHWA), is an amide derivative of benzothiadiazole, showing plant resistance-inducing activity. This article presents the activity of BTHWA that has led to increased resistance of zucchini (Cucurbita pepo convar. giromontiina) towards viral infections. In addition, since the occurrence of the fungal pathogen, powdery mildew, was also observed during the two-year field experiments, the activity of BTHWA related to the reduction of infection with this fungus was also investigated. The substance was applied in two different variants either four or eight times, over the whole vegetation season. Surprisingly, the variant of four applications performed at the beginning of the vegetation season proved more effective in protection against viruses and fungus. A possible explanation may be the occurrence of the growth-immunity trade-off phenomenon that is known in the literature. Disturbance in plant metabolism resulting from eight applications may lead to lower yields of plants treated with SAR inducers. Perhaps such overstimulation of the plants we treated eight times may not have brought the optimum increase in plant resistance.

Dataset Information

Systemic Induction of the Small Antibacterial Compound in the Leaf Exudate During Benzothiadiazole-elicited Systemic Acquired Resistance in Pepper.

Publications

Systemic Induction of the Small Antibacterial Compound in the Leaf Exudate During Benzothiadiazole-elicited Systemic Acquired Resistance in Pepper.

Similar Datasets

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