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An essential mesenchymal function for miR-143/145 in intestinal epithelial regeneration.

ABSTRACT: Downregulation of the miR-143/145 microRNA (miRNA) cluster has been repeatedly reported in colon cancer and other epithelial tumors. In addition, overexpression of these miRNAs inhibits tumorigenesis, leading to broad consensus that they function as cell-autonomous epithelial tumor suppressors. We generated mice with deletion of miR-143/145 to investigate the functions of these miRNAs in intestinal physiology and disease in vivo. Although intestinal development proceeded normally in the absence of these miRNAs, epithelial regeneration after injury was dramatically impaired. Surprisingly, we found that miR-143/145 are expressed and function exclusively within the mesenchymal compartment of intestine. Defective epithelial regeneration in miR-143/145-deficient mice resulted from the dysfunction of smooth muscle and myofibroblasts and was associated with derepression of the miR-143 target Igfbp5, which impaired IGF signaling after epithelial injury. These results provide important insights into the regulation of epithelial wound healing and argue against a cell-autonomous tumor suppressor role for miR-143/145 in colon cancer.

SUBMITTER: Chivukula RR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4175516 | biostudies-literature | 2014 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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An essential mesenchymal function for miR-143/145 in intestinal epithelial regeneration.

Chivukula Raghu R RR Shi Guanglu G Acharya Asha A Mills Eric W EW Zeitels Lauren R LR Anandam Joselin L JL Abdelnaby Abier A AA Balch Glen C GC Mansour John C JC Yopp Adam C AC Maitra Anirban A Mendell Joshua T JT

Cell 20140501 5

Downregulation of the miR-143/145 microRNA (miRNA) cluster has been repeatedly reported in colon cancer and other epithelial tumors. In addition, overexpression of these miRNAs inhibits tumorigenesis, leading to broad consensus that they function as cell-autonomous epithelial tumor suppressors. We generated mice with deletion of miR-143/145 to investigate the functions of these miRNAs in intestinal physiology and disease in vivo. Although intestinal development proceeded normally in the absence ...[more]

PMID: 24855947

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Project description:BackgroundThe intestinal epithelial barrier is the interface for interaction between gut microbiota and host metabolic systems. Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) is a key player in the colonic microbiota that resides in the mucus layer, whose abundance is selectively decreased in the faecal microbiota of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. This study aims to investigate the regulatory mechanism among A. muciniphila, a transcription factor cAMP-responsive element-binding protein H (CREBH), and microRNA-143/145 (miR-143/145) in intestinal inflammatory stress, gut barrier integrity and epithelial regeneration.MethodsA novel mouse model with increased colonization of A muciniphila in the intestine of CREBH knockout mice, an epithelial wound healing assay and several molecular biological techniques were applied in this study. Results were analysed using a homoscedastic 2-tailed t-test.ResultsIncreased colonization of A. muciniphila in mouse gut enhanced expression of intestinal CREBH, which was associated with the mitigation of intestinal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, gut barrier leakage and blood endotoxemia induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Genetic depletion of CREBH (CREBH-KO) significantly inhibited the expression of tight junction proteins that are associated with gut barrier integrity, including Claudin5 and Claudin8, but upregulated Claudin2, a tight junction protein that enhances gut permeability, resulting in intestinal hyperpermeability and inflammation. Upregulation of CREBH by A. muciniphila further coupled with miR-143/145 promoted intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) regeneration and wound repair via insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and IGFBP5 signalling. Moreover, the gene expressing an outer membrane protein of A. muciniphila, Amuc_1100, was cloned into a mammalian cell-expression vector and successfully expressed in porcine and human IECs. Expression of Amuc_1100 in IECs could recapitulate the health beneficial effect of A. muciniphila on the gut by activating CREBH, inhibiting ER stress and enhancing the expression of genes involved in gut barrier integrity and IEC's regeneration.ConclusionsThis study uncovers a novel mechanism that links A. muciniphila and its membrane protein with host CREBH, IGF signalling and miRNAs in mitigating intestinal inflammatory stress-gut barrier permeability and promoting intestinal wound healing. This novel finding may lend support to the development of therapeutic approaches for IBD by manipulating the interaction between host genes, gut bacteria and its bioactive components.

Project description:Transforming growth factor (TGF)-? is one of the major inducers of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), a crucial program that has a critical role in promoting carcinoma's metastasis formation. MicroRNAs-143 and -145, which are both TGF-? direct transcriptional targets, are essential for the differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) during embryogenesis, a TGF-?-dependent process reminiscent of EMT. Their role in adult tissues is however less well defined and even ambiguous, as their expression was correlated both positively and negatively with tumor progression. Here we show that high expression of both miRs-143 and -145 in mouse mammary tumor cells expressing constitutively active STAT3 (S3C) is involved in mediating their disrupted cell-cell junctions. Additionally, miR-143 appears to have a unique role in tumorigenesis by enhancing cell migration in vitro and extravasation in vivo while impairing anchorage-independent growth, which may explain the contradictory reports about its role in tumors. Accordingly, we demonstrate that overexpression of either miRNA in the non-transformed mammary epithelial NMuMG cells leads to upregulation of EMT markers and of several endogenous TGF-? targets, downmodulation of a number of junction proteins and increased motility, correlating with enhanced basal and TGF-?-induced SMAD-mediated transcription. Moreover, pervasive transcriptome perturbation consistent with the described phenotype was observed. In particular, the expression of several transcription factors involved in the mitogenic responses, of MAPK family members and, importantly, of several tight junction proteins and the SMAD co-repressor TGIF was significantly reduced. Our results provide important mechanistic insight into the non-redundant role of miRs-143 and -145 in EMT-related processes in both transformed and non-transformed cells, and suggest that their expression must be finely coordinated to warrant optimal migration/invasion while not interfering with cell growth.

Project description:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that function as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression and are dysregulated in cancer. Studies of miRNAs to explore their potential as diagnostic and prognostic markers are of great scientific interest. Here, we investigate the functional properties and expression of the miR-143/145 cluster in breast cancer (BC) in vitro and in vivo. The ER positive MCF7, the HER2 positive SK-BR-3, and the triple negative cell line MDA-MB-231 were used to assess cell proliferation and cell invasion. Expression of miRNA in 108 breast cancers in the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study and 44 benign tissue controls were analyzed by microarray and validated by RT-PCR. Further, in situ hybridization (ISH) was used to study the cellular and subcellular distribution of the miRNAs. In vitro, miR-143 promoted proliferation of MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, whereas miR-145 and the cotransfection of both miRNAs inhibited proliferation in all three cell lines. The cells' invasive capacity was reduced after transfection and cotransfection of the miRNAs. In line with the tumor suppressive functions in vitro, the expression of miR-143 and miR-145 was lower in malignant compared to benign breast tissue, and lower in the more aggressive tumors with higher tumor grade, loss of ER and the basal-like phenotype. ISH revealed miR-143 to be cytoplasmatic and predominantly expressed in luminal cells in benign tissue, whilst miR-145 was nuclear and with strong staining in myoepithelial cells. Both miRNAs were present in malignant epithelial cells and stromal fibroblasts in BC. This study demonstrates that miR-143 and -145 have functional properties and expression patterns typical for tumor suppressors, but the function is influenced by cellular factors such as cell type and miRNA cotransfection. Further, the nuclear functions of miR-145 should be explored for a more complete understanding of the complexity of miRNA regulation and function in BC.

Dataset Information

An essential mesenchymal function for miR-143/145 in intestinal epithelial regeneration.

Publications

An essential mesenchymal function for miR-143/145 in intestinal epithelial regeneration.

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