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Breathprints of childhood obesity: changes in volatile organic compounds in obese children compared with lean controls.

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to investigate changes in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath in overweight/obese children compared with their lean counterparts.Single exhaled breath was collected and analyzed per protocol using selective ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS).Sixty overweight/obese children and 55 lean controls were included. Compared with the lean group, the obese group was significantly older (14.1?±?2.8 vs. 12.1?±?3.0 years), taller (164.8?±?10.9 vs. 153.3?±?17.1?cm) and more likely to be Caucasian (60% vs. 35.2%); P?

SUBMITTER: Alkhouri N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4177515 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Breathprints of childhood obesity: changes in volatile organic compounds in obese children compared with lean controls.

Alkhouri N N Eng K K Cikach F F Patel N N Yan C C Brindle A A Rome E E Hanouneh I I Grove D D Lopez R R Hazen S L SL Dweik Raed A RA

Pediatric obesity 20140327 1

<h4>Objective</h4>The objective of this study was to investigate changes in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath in overweight/obese children compared with their lean counterparts.<h4>Study design</h4>Single exhaled breath was collected and analyzed per protocol using selective ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS).<h4>Results</h4>Sixty overweight/obese children and 55 lean controls were included. Compared with the lean group, the obese group was significantly older (14.1 ± 2. ...[more]

PMID: 24677760

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Project description:Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) represent an eco-friendly alternative to reduce the use of chemical products while increasing the productivity of economically important crops. The emission of small gaseous signaling molecules from PGPB named volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has emerged as a promising biotechnological tool to promote biomass accumulation in model plants (especially Arabidopsis thaliana) and a few crops, such as tomato, lettuce, and cucumber. Rice (Oryza sativa) is the most essential food crop for more than half of the world's population. However, the use of VOCs to improve this crop performance has not yet been investigated. Here, we evaluated the composition and effects of bacterial VOCs on the growth and metabolism of rice. First, we selected bacterial isolates (IAT P4F9 and E.1b) that increased rice dry shoot biomass by up to 83% in co-cultivation assays performed with different durations of time (7 and 12 days). Metabolic profiles of the plants co-cultivated with these isolates and controls (without bacteria and non-promoter bacteria-1003-S-C1) were investigated via 1H nuclear magnetic resonance. The analysis identified metabolites (e.g., amino acids, sugars, and others) with differential abundance between treatments that might play a role in metabolic pathways, such as protein synthesis, signaling, photosynthesis, energy metabolism, and nitrogen assimilation, involved in rice growth promotion. Interestingly, VOCs from IAT P4F9 displayed a more consistent promotion activity and were also able to increase rice dry shoot biomass in vivo. Molecular identification by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene of the isolates IAT P4F9 and E.1b showed a higher identity with Serratia and Achromobacter species, respectively. Lastly, volatilomes of these and two other non-promoter bacteria (1003-S-C1 and Escherichia coli DH5α) were evaluated through headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Compounds belonging to different chemical classes, such as benzenoids, ketones, alcohols, sulfide, alkanes, and pyrazines, were identified. One of these VOCs, nonan-2-one, was validated in vitro as a bioactive compound capable of promoting rice growth. Although further analyses are necessary to properly elucidate the molecular mechanisms, our results suggest that these two bacterial isolates are potential candidates as sources for bioproducts, contributing to a more sustainable agriculture.

Project description:PurposeObesity is characterized by chronic inflammation that may contribute to insulin resistance and promote type 2 diabetes. We have investigated whether inflammatory responses to glycemic and insulinemic variations are altered in obese individuals.MethodsEight obese and eight lean individuals without diabetes had undergone hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic-hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic clamps in a previous study. Using Proximity Extension Assay, 92 inflammatory markers were analyzed from plasma samples at fasting, hyperinsulinemia-euglycemia, hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia.ResultsIn all participants, hyperinsulinemia, hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia led to reductions of 11, 19 and 62 out of the 70 fully evaluable biomarkers, respectively. FGF-21 increased during both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia while IL-6 and IL-10 increased during hypoglycemia. In obese vs lean participants, Oncostatin-M, Caspase-8 and 4E-BP1 were more markedly suppressed during hypoglycemia, whereas VEGF-A was more markedly suppressed during hyperglycemia. BMI correlated inversely with changes of PD-L1 and CD40 during hyperinsulinemia, Oncostatin-M, TNFSF14, FGF-21 and 4EBP-1 during hypoglycemia and CCL23, VEGF-A and CDCP1 during hyperglycemia (Rho ≤ -0.50). HbA1c correlated positively with changes of MCP-2 and IL-15-RA during hyperinsulinemia (Rho ≥ 0.51) and inversely with changes of CXCL1, MMP-1 and Axin-1 during hypoglycemia (Rho ≤ -0.55). M-value correlated positively with changes of IL-12B and VEGF-A during hyperglycemia (Rho ≥ 0.51). Results above were significant (p < 0.05).ConclusionOverall, hyperinsulinemia, hypo- and hyperglycemia led to suppression of several inflammatory markers and this tended to be more marked in individuals with obesity, insulin resistance and dysglycemia. Thus, acute glycemic or insulinemic variations do not seem to potentiate possible inflammatory pathways in the development of insulin resistance and disturbed glucose metabolism.

Dataset Information

Breathprints of childhood obesity: changes in volatile organic compounds in obese children compared with lean controls.

Publications

Breathprints of childhood obesity: changes in volatile organic compounds in obese children compared with lean controls.

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