Dataset Information

Pre-treatment for ultrafiltration: effect of pre-chlorination on membrane fouling.

ABSTRACT: Microbial effects are believed to be a major contributor to membrane fouling in drinking water treatment. Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) is commonly applied in membrane cleaning, but its potential use as a pretreatment for controlling operational fouling has received little attention. In this study, the effect of adding a continuous low dose of NaClO (1 mg/l as active Cl) in combination with alum, before ultrafiltration, was compared with only alum as pretreatment. The results showed that the addition of NaClO substantially reduced membrane fouling both in terms of the rate of TMP development and the properties of the membrane cake layer. Although the size of nano-scale primary coagulant flocs changed little by the addition of NaClO, the cake layer on the membrane had a greater porosity and a substantially reduced thickness. NaClO was found to inactivate bacteria in the influent flow, which reduced both microbial proliferation and the production of proteins and polysaccharides in the cake layer and contributed significantly to improving the overall ultrafiltration performance. NaClO dosing had no adverse impact on the formation of currently regulated disinfection by-product compounds (THMs and HAAs).

SUBMITTER: Yu W

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4180805 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Pre-treatment for ultrafiltration: effect of pre-chlorination on membrane fouling.

Yu Wenzheng W Xu Lei L Graham Nigel N Qu Jiuhui J

Scientific reports 20141001

Microbial effects are believed to be a major contributor to membrane fouling in drinking water treatment. Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) is commonly applied in membrane cleaning, but its potential use as a pretreatment for controlling operational fouling has received little attention. In this study, the effect of adding a continuous low dose of NaClO (1 mg/l as active Cl) in combination with alum, before ultrafiltration, was compared with only alum as pretreatment. The results showed that the addit ...[more]

PMID: 25269375

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Project description:In this study, various techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) mapping, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and water-contact-angle goniometry (WCAG), were used to characterize the crystalline structure and morphological properties of terbium-doped cerium magnesium aluminate (Ce0.67Tb0.33MgAl11O19 or CMAT) in powder form. The results demonstrated that CMAT was successfully synthesized with a particle size of less than 5 µm and a fully evident distribution of elements, as revealed by the SEM images. This was further confirmed by the XRD and HRTEM images. XPS analysis confirmed the presence of all necessary components in CMAT. Additionally, WCAG results showed that the contact angle of CMAT was more hydrophilic with a value of 8.4°. To evaluate its performance, CMAT particles were dispersed in a Polyethersulfone (PES) solution and used to modify a PES ultrafiltration membrane through a phase-inversion method. The resulting membranes were characterized by SEM, atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), WCAG, and permeability performance and fouling experiments. The addition of CMAT to the PES membranes did not have a significant effect on the structure of the SEM images of the top layer and cross-section of surface properties. However, increasing the concentration of CMAT improved the membrane surface roughness in AFM, and the modified membranes had the ability to resist fouling. The addition of CMAT did not lead to significant energy loss, indicating that the heat flux loss observed can indeed be explained by the amount of C-OH on the PES membrane's surface. The contact angle of the membranes became more hydrophilic with increasing concentration of CMAT from PES G0 to PES G7. The PES origin membrane showed a higher permeation than the membranes mixed with CMAT, and the modified membranes with CMAT displayed significant fouling resistance.

Dataset Information

Pre-treatment for ultrafiltration: effect of pre-chlorination on membrane fouling.

Publications

Pre-treatment for ultrafiltration: effect of pre-chlorination on membrane fouling.

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