Dataset Information

Alcohol and tobacco consumption affects bacterial richness in oral cavity mucosa biofilms.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Today there are more than 2 billion alcohol users and about 1.3 billion tobacco users worldwide. The chronic and heavy use of these two substances is at the heart of numerous diseases and may wreak havoc on the human oral microbiome. This study delves into the changes that alcohol and tobacco may cause on biofilms of the human oral microbiome. To do so, we used swabs to sample the oral biofilm of 22 subjects; including 9 control-individuals with no or very low consumption of alcohol and no consumption of tobacco, 7 who were chronic and heavy users of both substances and 6 active smokers that reported no significant alcohol consumption. DNA was extracted from swabs and the V1 region of the 16S rRNA gene was PCR amplified and sequenced using the Ion Torrent PGM platform, generating 3.7 million high quality reads. DNA sequences were clustered and OTUs were assigned using the ARB SILVA database and Qiime. RESULTS: We found no differences in species diversity and evenness among the groups. However, we found a significant decrease in species richness in only smokers and in smokers/drinkers when compared to controls. We found that Neisseria abundance was significantly decreased in both groups when compared to controls. Smokers had significant increases in Prevotella and Capnocytophaga and reductions in Granulicatella, Staphylococcus, Peptostreptococcus and Gemella when compared to the two other groups. Controls showed higher abundance of Aggregibacter, whilst smokers/drinkers had lower abundances of Fusobacteria. Samples from only smokers clustered closer together than to controls and smokers/drinkers, and also had a significant reduction in inter-group dissimilarity distances, indicating a more homogenous group than controls. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that the continued use of tobacco or alcohol plus tobacco significantly reduces bacterial richness, which apparently leads to a reduction in inter-group variability, turning the respective biofilms into a more homogenous microenvironment in terms of bacterial community composition, with possible consequences for human oral diseases.

SUBMITTER: Thomas AM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4186948 | biostudies-literature | 2014

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Alcohol and tobacco consumption affects bacterial richness in oral cavity mucosa biofilms.

Thomas Andrew Maltez AM Gleber-Netto Frederico Omar FO Fernandes Gustavo Ribeiro GR Amorim Maria M Barbosa Luisa Fernanda LF Francisco Ana Lúcia Noronha AL de Andrade Arthur Guerra AG Setubal João Carlos JC Kowalski Luiz Paulo LP Nunes Diana Noronha DN Dias-Neto Emmanuel E

BMC microbiology 20141003

<h4>Background</h4>Today there are more than 2 billion alcohol users and about 1.3 billion tobacco users worldwide. The chronic and heavy use of these two substances is at the heart of numerous diseases and may wreak havoc on the human oral microbiome. This study delves into the changes that alcohol and tobacco may cause on biofilms of the human oral microbiome. To do so, we used swabs to sample the oral biofilm of 22 subjects; including 9 control-individuals with no or very low consumption of a ...[more]

PMID: 25278091

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Project description:ImportanceUnderstanding whether the population-level consumption of alcohol and tobacco is associated with cancer mortality is a crucial question for public health policy that has not been answered by previous studies.ObjectiveTo examine temporal associations of alcohol and tobacco consumption with overall cancer mortality in the Australian population, looking across different sex and age groups.Design, setting, and participantsThis population-based cohort study conducted a time series analysis (autoregressive integrated moving average models) using aggregate-level annual time series data from multiple sources. Data on alcohol consumption and tobacco consumption per capita between 1935 and 2014 among the Australian population aged 15 years and older were collected from the Australian Bureau of Statistics and Cancer Council Victoria. Analysis was conducted from June 1, 2017, to October 30, 2017.ExposuresSex- and age-specific cancer mortality rates from 1968 to 2014 were collected from the Australian Institute Health and Welfare.Main outcomes and measuresPopulation-level cancer mortality in different sex and age groups in Australia, controlling for the effects of health expenditure.ResultsAmong the Australian total population aged 15 years and older in this study, 50.5% were women. Cancer death rates per 100?000 persons increased from 199 in 1968 to 214 in 1989 and then decreased steadily to 162 in 2014. Taking into account lagged effects, 1-L decreases in alcohol consumption per capita were associated with a decline of 3.9% in overall cancer mortality over a 20-year period, and 1-kg decreases in tobacco consumption per capita were associated with a 16% reduction. Alcohol consumption per capita was significantly associated with overall cancer mortality among men aged 50 to 69 years and women aged 50 years and older. Tobacco consumption per capita was found to be significantly associated with overall cancer mortality only among men aged 50 years and older.Conclusions and relevanceIn this study, alcohol consumption per capita was positively associated with overall cancer mortality among older men and women, and tobacco consumption per capita was positively associated with overall cancer mortality among older men over a 20-year period. This study provides evidence that a decrease in population-level drinking and tobacco smoking could lead to a reduction in cancer mortality.

Dataset Information

Alcohol and tobacco consumption affects bacterial richness in oral cavity mucosa biofilms.

Publications

Alcohol and tobacco consumption affects bacterial richness in oral cavity mucosa biofilms.

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