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Molecular basis for coordinating transcription termination with noncoding RNA degradation.

ABSTRACT: The Nrd1-Nab3-Sen1 (NNS) complex is essential for controlling pervasive transcription and generating sn/snoRNAs in S. cerevisiae. The NNS complex terminates transcription of noncoding RNA genes and promotes exosome-dependent processing/degradation of the released transcripts. The Trf4-Air2-Mtr4 (TRAMP) complex polyadenylates NNS target RNAs and favors their degradation. NNS-dependent termination and degradation are coupled, but the mechanism underlying this coupling remains enigmatic. Here we provide structural and functional evidence demonstrating that the same domain of Nrd1p interacts with RNA polymerase II and Trf4p in a mutually exclusive manner, thus defining two alternative forms of the NNS complex, one involved in termination and the other in degradation. We show that the Nrd1-Trf4 interaction is required for optimal exosome activity in vivo and for the stimulation of polyadenylation of NNS targets by TRAMP in vitro. We propose that transcription termination and RNA degradation are coordinated by switching between two alternative partners of the NNS complex.

SUBMITTER: Tudek A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4186968 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Molecular basis for coupling transcription termination to non-coding RNA degradation

Project description:The Nrd1-Nab3-Sen1 (NNS) complex plays a pivotal role in the control of pervasive transcription and the generation of sn- and snoRNAs in S. cerevisiae. The NNS-complex terminates transcription of non-coding RNA genes and promotes processing/degradation of transcripts by the nuclear exosome. To assess the role of the Nrd1p CTD-interacting domain (CID) in the function of the NNS-complex, we re-examined whether this domain is required for efficient transcription termination by the NNS pathway. We compared the RNA polymerase II distribution by ChIP and tiling arrays (ChIP-chip) in wild type and nrd1 deltaCID cells. Moreover, we compared the genome-wide chromatin distribution of Nrd1p in the presence and the absence of the CID by ChIP-chip analysis. ChIP of RNA polymerase II was performed using an anti-Rpb3 antibody (1Y26, Neoclone). ChIP of Nrd1 was performed using TAP-tagged S. cerevisiae strains. For details see protocols. To download the wild-type Pol II and Nrd1 data go to E-MTAB-1626 and E-MTAB-1060, respectively.

2014-04-24 | E-MTAB-2175 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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| S-EPMC3173116 | biostudies-literature

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Project description:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a major part in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Mammalian miRNA biogenesis begins with cotranscriptional cleavage of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcripts by the Microprocessor complex. Although most miRNAs are located within introns of protein-coding transcripts, a substantial minority of miRNAs originate from long noncoding (lnc) RNAs, for which transcript processing is largely uncharacterized. We show, by detailed characterization of liver-specific lnc-pri-miR-122 and genome-wide analysis in human cell lines, that most lncRNA transcripts containing miRNAs (lnc-pri-miRNAs) do not use the canonical cleavage-and-polyadenylation pathway but instead use Microprocessor cleavage to terminate transcription. Microprocessor inactivation leads to extensive transcriptional readthrough of lnc-pri-miRNA and transcriptional interference with downstream genes. Consequently we define a new RNase III-mediated, polyadenylation-independent mechanism of Pol II transcription termination in mammalian cells.

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Project description:Gene expression in organisms involves many factors and is tightly controlled. Although much is known about the initial phase of transcription by RNA polymerase III (Pol III), the enzyme that synthesizes the majority of RNA molecules in eukaryotic cells, termination is poorly understood. Here, we show that the extensive structure of Pol III-synthesized transcripts dictates the release of elongation complexes at the end of genes. The poly-T termination signal, which does not cause termination in itself, causes catalytic inactivation and backtracking of Pol III, thus committing the enzyme to termination and transporting it to the nearest RNA secondary structure, which facilitates Pol III release. Similarity between termination mechanisms of Pol III and bacterial RNA polymerase suggests that hairpin-dependent termination may date back to the common ancestor of multisubunit RNA polymerases.

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