Project description:BackgroundNon-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) is becoming a significant health burden. Recent advances in analysis techniques have allowed the accurate identification of previously unknown NTM species. Here, we report a case of NTM-PD caused by a newly identified mycobacteria in an immunocompetent patient.Case presentationA 44-year-old woman was referred to our hospital due to the frequent aggravation of her chronic respiratory symptoms, with NTM-PD-compatible computed tomography findings. Unidentified mycobacterium was repeatedly isolated from respiratory specimens and we diagnosed her as NTM-PD of unidentified mycobacterium. Subsequent whole-genome analysis revealed that the unidentified mycobacterium was a novel mycobacterium genetically close to Mycolicibacterium mucogenicum. We started combination therapy with clarithromycin, moxifloxacin, amikacin, and imipenem/cilastatin, referring to drug sensitivity test results and observed its effect on M. mucogenicum infection. Her symptoms and radiological findings improved significantly.ConclusionWe report a case of NTM-PD caused by a newly identified mycobacteria, Mycolicibacterium toneyamachuris, genetically close to M. mucogenicum. This pathogenic mycobacterium showed different characteristics from M. mucogenicum about clinical presentation and drug sensitivity. The clinical application of genomic sequencing will advance the identification and classification of pathogenic NTM species, and enhance our understanding of mycobacterial diseases.

| S-EPMC7690136 | biostudies-literature

Pulmonary tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis in China.

Project description:The epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis infection in humans in China is unknown. In this study, pulmonary tuberculosis caused by M. bovis in China was studied. A total of 4069 clinical strains isolated from sputa during the 2007-2009 nationwide surveillance of drug-resistant tuberculosis in China were analyzed. M. bovis was identified by para-nitrobenzoic acid and thiophen-2-carboxylic acid hydrazide growth tests, spoligotyping and multiplex PCR amplification. In addition, a total of 1828 clinical specimens were recruited from Beijing Chest Hospital (Beijing, China) for Löwenstein-Jensen (LJ) culture, both on standard LJ medium and LJ medium containing 4.5 mg/ml(W/V) sodium pyruvate, the latter being the preferred medium for M. bovis growth. The isolates which demonstrated more vigorous on pyruvate containing medium than on standard LJ medium were then identified by multiplex PCR amplification. Only 1 isolate from the nationwide surveillance was confirmed as M. bovis-BCG. The isolate belonged to a predominant spoligotype SB0120 (ST482). In addition, no M. bovis isolate was acquired by the continuous screening step in Beijing Chest Hospital. M. bovis has a negligible contribution to pulmonary tuberculosis in China, so neither laboratory identification nor clinical treatment of M. bovis infection need be considered in routine work.

| S-EPMC4348663 | biostudies-other

Pulmonary infection caused by an unusual, slowly growing nontuberculous Mycobacterium.

Project description:Mycobacterium triplex, a recently described slowly growing nontuberculous mycobacterium, was isolated from a Finnish patient with pulmonary mycobacteriosis. The disease was successfully treated with antimycobacterial drugs. The strain isolated, which was similar to the type strain but differed slightly from the species description, was regarded as a variant of M. triplex sensu stricto. According to present knowledge this variant of the species has never been isolated before.

| S-EPMC88207 | biostudies-literature

Pulmonary infection caused by Mycobacterium neoaurum: the first case in Korea.

Project description:Mycobacterium neoaurum is rapidly growing mycobacteria that can cause human infections. It commonly causes bloodstream infections in immunocompromised hosts, and unlike other mycobacteria species, it rarely causes pulmonary infections. We confirmed the first pulmonary infection case in Korea caused by M. neoaurum using full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

| S-EPMC3999325 | biostudies-literature

Mycobacterium sherrisii Pulmonary Disease, Burkina Faso.

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC4622231 | biostudies-literature

Comparative transcriptomic profiling between two radiologic phenotypes in lungs from patients with pulmonary disease caused by Mycobacterium avium complex

Project description:The incidence of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)-induced pulmonary disease (PD) has been increasing in South Korea, posing considerable challenges in treatment. Treatment guidelines recommend initiating therapy after serial computed tomography (CT) monitoring. While drug treatment often improves outcomes in patients with the nodular bronchiectatic (NB) form, those with the fibrocavitary (FC) form may continue to experience persistence despite treatment. Our objective was to classify type-specific and common genes based on radiological phenotypes (NB and FC) using RNA sequencing to analyze the cellular landscape of 11 NB sections, 10 FC sections, and 21 unaffected sections from 21 MAC-PD cases. Predictive in silico analysis indicated a significant role for genes related to B cell proliferation and regulation in both forms. Additionally, NB patients exhibited predominantly regulated antimicrobial immune responses, whereas FC patients showed enrichment in genes related to extracellular matrix structure. These target genes identified through genetic analysis could potentially serve as predictive biomarkers for type-specific biological processes and cellular pathways, necessitating further validation studies.

2024-07-01 | GSE270278 | GEO

Severe Pulmonary Disease Caused by Mycolicibacter kumamotonensis.

Project description:Severe Mycolicibacter kumamotonensis-pulmonary disease was diagnosed in a 68-year-old immunocompetent woman in Greece; the disease was initially treated as tuberculosis. The patient responded favorably to a new treatment regimen of azithromycin, amikacin, moxifloxacin, and linezolid. Complete symptom resolution and radiologic improvement resulted.

| S-EPMC7920653 | biostudies-literature

Chronic Pulmonary Disease Caused by Tsukamurella toyonakaense.

Project description:Unidentified Mycobacterium species are sometimes detected in respiratory specimens. We identified a novel Tsukamurella species (Tsukamurella sp. TY48, RIMD 2001001, CIP 111916T), Tsukamurella toyonakaense, from a patient given a misdiagnosis of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease caused by unidentified mycobacteria. Genomic identification of this Tsukamurella species helped clarify its clinical characteristics and epidemiology.

| S-EPMC9239891 | biostudies-literature

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