Dataset Information

Risk factors for human lice and bartonellosis among the homeless, San Francisco, California, USA.

ABSTRACT: Homeless persons in San Francisco, California, USA,have been shown to have head and body lice infestations and Bartonella quintana infections. We surveyed a self selected population of homeless persons in San Francisco to assess infestations of head and body lice, risks of having body lice, and presence of B. quintana in lice. A total of 203 persons who reported itching were surveyed during 2008-2010 and 2012: 60 (30%) had body lice, 10 (4.9%)had head lice, and 6 (3.0%) had both. B. quintana was detected in 10 (15.9%) of 63 body lice pools and in 6 (37.5%)of 16 head lice pools. Variables significantly associated(p<0.05) with having body lice in this homeless population included male sex, African-American ethnicity, and sleeping outdoors. Our study findings suggest that specific segments of the homeless population would benefit from information on preventing body lice infestations and louse borne diseases.

SUBMITTER: Bonilla DL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4193271 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Risk factors for human lice and bartonellosis among the homeless, San Francisco, California, USA.

Bonilla Denise L DL Cole-Porse Charsey C Kjemtrup Anne A Osikowicz Lynn L Kosoy Michael M

Emerging infectious diseases 20141001 10

Homeless persons in San Francisco, California, USA,have been shown to have head and body lice infestations and Bartonella quintana infections. We surveyed a self selected population of homeless persons in San Francisco to assess infestations of head and body lice, risks of having body lice, and presence of B. quintana in lice. A total of 203 persons who reported itching were surveyed during 2008-2010 and 2012: 60 (30%) had body lice, 10 (4.9%)had head lice, and 6 (3.0%) had both. B. quintana was ...[more]

PMID: 25280380

Similar Datasets

Project description:The HIV-1 epidemic in the US has historically been dominated by subtype B. HIV subtype diversity has not been extensively examined in most US cities to determine whether non-B variants have become established, as has been observed in many other global regions. We describe the diversity of non-B variants and present evidence of local transmission of non-B HIV in San Francisco. Viral sequences collected from patients between 2000 and 2016 were matched to the San Francisco HIV/AIDS case registry. HIV subtype was determined using COMET. Phylogenies were reconstructed using the pol region of subtypes A, C, D, G, CRF01_AE, CRF02_AG, and CRF07_BC, with reference sequences from the LANL HIV database. Associations of non-B subtypes and circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) with patient characteristics were assessed using multivariable logistic regression. Out of 11,381 sequences, 10,669 were from 7235 registry cases, of which 141 (2%) had non-B subtypes and CRFs and 72 (1%) had unique recombinant forms. CRF01_AE (0.8%) and subtype C (0.5%) were the most prevalent non-B forms. The frequency of non-B subtypes and CRFs increased in San Francisco during years 2000-2016. Out of 146 transmission events involving non-B study sequences, 18% indicated local transmission within the study population and 74% appeared to be inward migration of the virus. Compared to 7016 cases with only subtype B, 141 cases with non-B sequences were more likely to be of non-US country of birth (aOR = 11.02; p < 0.001), of Asian/Pacific-Islander race/ethnicity (aOR = 3.17; p < 0.001), and diagnosed after 2009 (aOR = 4.81; p < 0.001). Results suggest that most non-B infections were likely acquired outside the US and that local transmission of non-B forms has occurred but so far has not produced extensive transmission networks. Thus, non-B variants were not widely established in San Francisco, an observation that differs from cities worldwide with more diverse epidemics.

Project description:ImportanceDespite growing support for early school-based vision screening and eyeglass provision, few studies have rigorously monitored the compliance of eyeglass wear among preschool-aged children who receive eyeglasses through such programs.ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence and factors associated with eyeglass wear compliance among preschoolers from low-income families who receive eyeglasses through the See Well to Learn program.Design, setting, and participantsLongitudinal cross-sectional study of eyeglass wear compliance patterns among 188 children 3 to 5 years of age from 51 Bay Area Head Start preschools in San Francisco, California. The study conducted during the 2017 to 2018 school year included students with a failed vision screening who met predetermined refractive criteria following cycloplegic refraction and received eyeglasses through the See Well to Learn program.ExposuresEyeglass distribution.Main outcomes and measuresEyeglass wear compliance, measured by a school-year's worth of weekly teacher reports, was a longitudinal measure of consistent eyeglass wear, defined by eyeglass wear for more than 50% of every school day (compliance score of 4).ResultsOf 188 students (91 boys [49%]; 94 girls [51%]; mean [SD] age, 3.89 [0.5] years), 133 (71%; 95% CI, 64%-77%) maintained a mean compliance score throughout the school year of 4 or higher. Compliance prevalence was relatively stable throughout the school year, ranging from 139 students (74%) to 164 students (87%). Baseline uncorrected visual acuity in both the better-seeing and worse-seeing eyes was the only assessed factor that was associated with compliance. In the better-seeing eye, the mean uncorrected visual acuity of students with eyeglass wear compliance was 0.473 logMAR (95% CI, 0.433-0.514) (Snellen equivalent, 20/60) compared with 0.394 logMAR (95% CI, 0.334-0.454) (Snellen equivalent, 20/50) for students with noncompliance (P = .03). In the worse-seeing eye, the mean uncorrected visual acuity of students with compliance was 0.576 logMAR (95% CI, 0.530-0.623) (Snellen equivalent, 20/75) compared with 0.492 logMAR (95% CI, 0.433-0.551) (Snellen equivalent, 20/62) for students with noncompliance (P = .03). In the better-seeing eye, the difference between students with compliance vs noncompliance was 0.079 logMAR (95% CI, 0.009-0.150) (5 Snellen letter difference) compared with 0.084 logMAR (95% CI, 0.007-0.160) (5 Snellen letter difference) in the worse-seeing eye.Conclusions and relevanceThis study found that nearly 3 of 4 preschool students consistently wore their glasses at school during their first year of use, supporting the continued implementation of preschool-based vision screening programs. These findings suggest that programs involving school-based screening and eyeglass delivery may lessen disparities in accessing pediatric vision care. Consistent with previous studies, students with poorer uncorrected baseline visual acuity were found to be more likely to wear eyeglasses compliantly.

Dataset Information

Risk factors for human lice and bartonellosis among the homeless, San Francisco, California, USA.

Publications

Risk factors for human lice and bartonellosis among the homeless, San Francisco, California, USA.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets