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Maternal and cord blood 25(OH)-vitamin D concentrations in relation to child development and behaviour.

ABSTRACT: Animal studies have linked in utero vitamin D exposure to various aspects of offspring brain development. Limited research has translated these findings to humans, and none have employed cord blood to measure exposure late in gestation.Our objective was to examine the associations between maternal 25(OH)D measured at ?26 weeks' gestation or cord blood 25(OH)D and offspring global development, IQ, achievement, and behaviour in the US Collaborative Perinatal Project (1959-73). This was a secondary analysis of data from a case-cohort study, with 3896 women and children who participated in at least one outcome assessment. Psychologists assessed global development at 8 months, IQ and behaviour at 4 and 7 years, and achievement at 7 years. Multiple linear and logistic regression was used to examine the associations between 25(OH)D and child outcomes, controlling for maternal education, age, parity, race, maternal body mass index, marital status, smoking, gestational age and month of blood draw, and study site.Positive associations for many outcomes were greatly attenuated upon adjustment for confounders and were generally null. Only IQ at age 7 was associated with both maternal and cord blood 25(OH)D, but the effect estimates were very small (? for 5?nmol/L increment of maternal 25(OH)D?=?0.10; [95% CI 0.00, 0.19]).We observed very little indication that maternal or cord blood 25(OH)D are associated with cognitive development, achievement, and behaviour between 8 months and 7 years of age.

SUBMITTER: Keim SA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4196708 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Maternal and cord blood 25(OH)-vitamin D concentrations in relation to child development and behaviour.

Keim Sarah A SA Bodnar Lisa M LM Klebanoff Mark A MA

Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology 20140617 5

<h4>Background</h4>Animal studies have linked in utero vitamin D exposure to various aspects of offspring brain development. Limited research has translated these findings to humans, and none have employed cord blood to measure exposure late in gestation.<h4>Methods</h4>Our objective was to examine the associations between maternal 25(OH)D measured at ≤26 weeks' gestation or cord blood 25(OH)D and offspring global development, IQ, achievement, and behaviour in the US Collaborative Perinatal Proj ...[more]

PMID: 24938425

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Project description:ContextVitamin D (VD) deficiency in pregnancy and the neonatal period has impacts on childhood outcomes. Maternal VD sufficiency is crucial for sufficiency in the neonate, though the effect of early versus late pregnancy 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels on neonatal levels is unknown. Furthermore, chemiluminescence immunoassays (CLIAs) are widely used, though their validity in measuring 25(OH)D specifically in cord blood specimens has not been established.ObjectiveTo assess the validity of a CLIA in the measurement of cord blood 25(OH)D and to evaluate maternal determinants of neonatal 25(OH)D, including early versus late pregnancy 25(OH)D levels.DesignThis is an ancillary analysis from the Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial (VDAART), a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study.Participants and interventionA total of 881 pregnant women at high risk of having offspring asthma were randomized to receive VD supplementation or placebo. Serum samples were collected from mothers in early and late pregnancy and from offspring cord blood at birth. 25(OH)D levels were assayed by CLIA in all maternal and offspring samples and by LC-MS/MS in all offspring samples and a subset of 200 maternal third trimester samples.ResultsCord blood 25(OH)D levels were higher as measured by CLIA (mean 37.13 ng/mL [SD 18.30]) than by LC-MS/MS (mean 23.54 ng/mL [SD 11.99]), with a mean positive bias of 13.54 ng/mL (SD 12.92) by Bland-Altman analysis. This positive bias in measurement by CLIA was not observed in maternal samples. Third trimester 25(OH)D was a positive determinant of neonatal 25(OH)D levels.ConclusionChemiluminescence immunoassays overestimate 25(OH)D levels in human cord blood samples, an effect not observed in maternal blood samples. The quantification of 25(OH)D by CLIA should therefore not be considered valid when assayed in cord blood samples. Third trimester, but not first trimester, maternal 25(OH)D is one of several determinants of neonatal 25(OH)D status.

Project description:BackgroundEvidence has accumulated for the association between low vitamin D serum concentrations and mental health disorders in both children and adults. We performed a cross-sectional analysis in a population-based sample of children and adolescents to detect associations between 25(OH)-vitamin D serum [25(OH)D] concentrations and scores of the five Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) subscales and the total difficulties score in different age groups (age ?3-<12 years and ?12-<18 years).Methods9068 participants of the population-based, nation-wide German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KIGGS) with information on mental health status assessed by the SDQ and 25(OH)D levels were included in the analysis. For statistical analysis we used linear regression models stratified by gender based on different adjustment sets. For the younger subsample the analysis was additionally adjusted for the frequency of playing outside. We compared the associations based on parent- and self-ratings of the SDQ for children and adolescents aged ?12-<18 years.ResultsWe found inverse associations between 25(OH)D concentrations and the subscales emotional problems, peer relationship problems and the total difficulties score in both genders after adjustment for potential confounders. The strongest associations were observed in the older subsample for parent-ratings in boys and self-ratings in girls. In the younger subsample the associations were less strong and no longer evident after adjustment for potential confounders such as migration background, socioeconomic status and frequency of playing outside.ConclusionBased on the large-scale cross-sectional study in a German population-based sample of children and adolescents we detected inverse associations between 25(OH)D concentrations and both parent- and self-rated SDQ scores of the total difficulties scale and different subscales with the strongest association in the subsample aged ?12-<18 years for both genders. Migration background and socioeconomic status were detected as relevant confounders. Further studies-particularly in countries with comparatively low mean 25(OH)D concentrations-in childhood and adolescence are warranted. Longitudinal studies are also necessary to infer direction of effects. Finally, RCTs in children and adolescents are required to determine whether Vitamin D is beneficial for mental health.

Dataset Information

Maternal and cord blood 25(OH)-vitamin D concentrations in relation to child development and behaviour.

Publications

Maternal and cord blood 25(OH)-vitamin D concentrations in relation to child development and behaviour.

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