Dataset Information

Spatial differences and temporal changes in illicit drug use in Europe quantified by wastewater analysis.

ABSTRACT:

Aims

To perform wastewater analyses to assess spatial differences and temporal changes of illicit drug use in a large European population.

Design

Analyses of raw wastewater over a 1-week period in 2012 and 2013.

Setting and participants

Catchment areas of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) across Europe, as follows: 2012: 25 WWTPs in 11 countries (23 cities, total population 11.50 million); 2013: 47 WWTPs in 21 countries (42 cities, total population 24.74 million).

Measurements

Excretion products of five illicit drugs (cocaine, amphetamine, ecstasy, methamphetamine, cannabis) were quantified in wastewater samples using methods based on liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry.

Findings

Spatial differences were assessed and confirmed to vary greatly across European metropolitan areas. In general, results were in agreement with traditional surveillance data, where available. While temporal changes were substantial in individual cities and years (P ranging from insignificant to <10(-3) ), overall means were relatively stable. The overall mean of methamphetamine was an exception (apparent decline in 2012), as it was influenced mainly by four cities.

Conclusions

Wastewater analysis performed across Europe provides complementary evidence on illicit drug consumption and generally concurs with traditional surveillance data. Wastewater analysis can measure total illicit drug use more quickly and regularly than is the current norm for national surveys, and creates estimates where such data does not exist.

SUBMITTER: Ort C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4204159 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Spatial differences and temporal changes in illicit drug use in Europe quantified by wastewater analysis.

Ort Christoph C van Nuijs Alexander L N AL Berset Jean-Daniel JD Bijlsma Lubertus L Castiglioni Sara S Covaci Adrian A de Voogt Pim P Emke Erik E Fatta-Kassinos Despo D Griffiths Paul P Hernández Félix F González-Mariño Iria I Grabic Roman R Kasprzyk-Hordern Barbara B Mastroianni Nicola N Meierjohann Axel A Nefau Thomas T Ostman Marcus M Pico Yolanda Y Racamonde Ines I Reid Malcolm M Slobodnik Jaroslav J Terzic Senka S Thomaidis Nikolaos N Thomas Kevin V KV

Addiction (Abingdon, England) 20140527 8

<h4>Aims</h4>To perform wastewater analyses to assess spatial differences and temporal changes of illicit drug use in a large European population.<h4>Design</h4>Analyses of raw wastewater over a 1-week period in 2012 and 2013.<h4>Setting and participants</h4>Catchment areas of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) across Europe, as follows: 2012: 25 WWTPs in 11 countries (23 cities, total population 11.50 million); 2013: 47 WWTPs in 21 countries (42 cities, total population 24.74 million).<h4>Meas ...[more]

PMID: 24861844

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Dataset Information

Spatial differences and temporal changes in illicit drug use in Europe quantified by wastewater analysis.

Aims

Design

Setting and participants

Measurements

Findings

Conclusions

Publications

Spatial differences and temporal changes in illicit drug use in Europe quantified by wastewater analysis.

Similar Datasets

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