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Mouse tetrad analysis provides insights into recombination mechanisms and hotspot evolutionary dynamics.

ABSTRACT: The ability to examine all chromatids from a single meiosis in yeast tetrads has been indispensable for defining the mechanisms of homologous recombination initiated by DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Using a broadly applicable strategy for the analysis of chromatids from a single meiosis at two recombination hotspots in mouse oocytes and spermatocytes, we demonstrate here the unidirectional transfer of information-gene conversion-in both crossovers and noncrossovers. Whereas gene conversion in crossovers is associated with reciprocal exchange, the unbroken chromatid is not altered in noncrossover gene conversion events, providing strong evidence that noncrossovers arise from a distinct pathway. Gene conversion frequently spares the binding site of the hotspot-specifying protein PRDM9, with the result that erosion of the hotspot is slowed. Thus, mouse tetrad analysis demonstrates how unique aspects of mammalian recombination mechanisms shape hotspot evolutionary dynamics.

SUBMITTER: Cole F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4207963 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Mouse tetrad analysis provides insights into recombination mechanisms and hotspot evolutionary dynamics.

Cole Francesca F Baudat Frédéric F Grey Corinne C Keeney Scott S de Massy Bernard B Jasin Maria M

Nature genetics 20140824 10

The ability to examine all chromatids from a single meiosis in yeast tetrads has been indispensable for defining the mechanisms of homologous recombination initiated by DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Using a broadly applicable strategy for the analysis of chromatids from a single meiosis at two recombination hotspots in mouse oocytes and spermatocytes, we demonstrate here the unidirectional transfer of information-gene conversion-in both crossovers and noncrossovers. Whereas gene conversion in ...[more]

PMID: 25151354

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Project description:Phytophthora nicotianae is a widely distributed plant pathogen that can cause serious disease and cause significant economic losses to various crops, including tomatoes, tobacco, onions, and strawberries. To understand its pathogenic mechanisms and explore strategies for controlling diseases caused by this pathogen, we sequenced and analyzed the whole genome of Ph. nicotianae JM01. The Ph. nicotianae JM01 genome was assembled using a combination of approaches including shotgun sequencing, single-molecule sequencing, and the Hi-C technique. The assembled Ph. nicotianae JM01 genome is about 95.32 Mb, with contig and scaffold N50 54.23 kb and 113.15 kb, respectively. The average GC content of the whole-genome is about 49.02%, encoding 23,275 genes. In addition, we identified 19.15% of interspersed elements and 0.95% of tandem elements in the whole genome. A genome-wide phylogenetic tree indicated that Phytophthora diverged from Pythium approximately 156.32 Ma. Meanwhile, we found that 252 and 285 gene families showed expansion and contraction in Phytophthora when compared to gene families in Pythium. To determine the pathogenic mechanisms Ph. nicotianae JM01, we analyzed a suite of proteins involved in plant-pathogen interactions. The results revealed that gene duplication contributed to the expansion of Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes (CWDEs) such as glycoside hydrolases, and effectors such as Arg-Xaa-Leu-Arg (RXLR) effectors. In addition, transient expression was performed on Nicotiana benthamiana by infiltrating with Agrobacterium tumefaciens cells containing a cysteine-rich (SCR) protein. The results indicated that SCR can cause symptoms of hypersensitive response. Moreover, we also conducted comparative genome analysis among four Ph. nicotianae genomes. The completion of the Ph. nicotianae JM01 genome can not only help us understand its genomic characteristics, but also help us discover genes involved in infection and then help us understand its pathogenic mechanisms.

Dataset Information

Mouse tetrad analysis provides insights into recombination mechanisms and hotspot evolutionary dynamics.

Publications

Mouse tetrad analysis provides insights into recombination mechanisms and hotspot evolutionary dynamics.

Similar Datasets

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