Dataset Information

Mapping biological composition through quantitative phase and absorption X-ray ptychography.

ABSTRACT: Isolating compositional information in biological X-ray imaging can be problematic as such information is conflated with thickness and density variations when viewing in projection through a sample. We demonstrate an effective method for identifying variations in material composition by simultaneously using the quantitative phase and magnitude images provided through soft X-ray ptychography. Using this approach we show significantly increased contrast and improved reliability of the identification of intracellular features from uncharacterised samples. While demonstrated for X-ray ptychography, this method is immediately applicable to electron and optical microscopy methods where the complex transmission function of the sample is recovered.

SUBMITTER: Jones MW

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4210942 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Mapping biological composition through quantitative phase and absorption X-ray ptychography.

Jones Michael W M MW Elgass Kirstin K Junker Mark D MD Luu Mac B MB Ryan Michael T MT Peele Andrew G AG van Riessen Grant A GA

Scientific reports 20141028

Isolating compositional information in biological X-ray imaging can be problematic as such information is conflated with thickness and density variations when viewing in projection through a sample. We demonstrate an effective method for identifying variations in material composition by simultaneously using the quantitative phase and magnitude images provided through soft X-ray ptychography. Using this approach we show significantly increased contrast and improved reliability of the identificati ...[more]

PMID: 25348877

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Project description:BACKGROUND: Proanthocyanidins (PAs), or condensed tannins, are flavonoid polymers, widespread throughout the plant kingdom, which provide protection against herbivores while conferring organoleptic and nutritive values to plant-derived foods, such as wine. However, the genetic basis of qualitative and quantitative PA composition variation is still poorly understood. To elucidate the genetic architecture of the complex grape PA composition, we first carried out quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis on a 191-individual pseudo-F1 progeny. Three categories of PA variables were assessed: total content, percentages of constitutive subunits and composite ratio variables. For nine functional candidate genes, among which eight co-located with QTLs, we performed association analyses using a diversity panel of 141 grapevine cultivars in order to identify causal SNPs. RESULTS: Multiple QTL analysis revealed a total of 103 and 43 QTLs, respectively for seed and skin PA variables. Loci were mainly of additive effect while some loci were primarily of dominant effect. Results also showed a large involvement of pairwise epistatic interactions in shaping PA composition. QTLs for PA variables in skin and seeds differed in number, position, involvement of epistatic interaction and allelic effect, thus revealing different genetic determinisms for grape PA composition in seeds and skin. Association results were consistent with QTL analyses in most cases: four out of nine tested candidate genes (VvLAR1, VvMYBPA2, VvCHI1, VvMYBPA1) showed at least one significant association with PA variables, especially VvLAR1 revealed as of great interest for further functional investigation. Some SNP-phenotype associations were observed only in the diversity panel. CONCLUSIONS: This study presents the first QTL analysis on grape berry PA composition with a comparison between skin and seeds, together with an association study. Our results suggest a complex genetic control for PA traits and different genetic architectures for grape PA composition between berry skin and seeds. This work also uncovers novel genomic regions for further investigation in order to increase our knowledge of the genetic basis of PA composition.

Dataset Information

Mapping biological composition through quantitative phase and absorption X-ray ptychography.

Publications

Mapping biological composition through quantitative phase and absorption X-ray ptychography.

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