The whole macular choroidal thickness in subjects with primary open angle glaucoma.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Nakakura S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4211920 | biostudies-literature | 2014
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
The whole macular choroidal thickness in subjects with primary open angle glaucoma.
Nakakura Shunsuke S Yamamoto Minami M Terao Etsuko E Nagasawa Toshihiko T Tabuchi Hitoshi H Kiuchi Yoshiaki Y
PloS one 20141028 10
<h4>Purpose</h4>We investigated the whole macular choroidal thickness in subjects with glaucoma in order to evaluate the effects of glaucoma and glaucoma visual field damage on the choroidal thickness.<h4>Subjects and methods</h4>We examined 40 primary open angle glaucoma patients with only superior visual field defects and 48 normal controls. The macular choroidal thickness was measured using swept-source optical coherence tomography according to the three-dimensional raster scan protocol (6×6 ...[more]
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Project description:ObjectivesTo evaluate the relationships between macular choroidal thickness (mCT) and ocular parameters, such as optic nerve head (ONH) and multifocal electroretinogram (mf-ERG) parameters, in cases with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).MethodsThis controlled and prospective clinical trial included 49 patients with POAG diagnosed for the fırst time and 47 healthy participants. Macular CTs, ONH and mf-ERG parameters were measured, and the examination findings were recorded at baseline and follow-ups.ResultsIn the POAG group, the mean mCT was 254.92±37.65 µm at baseline, and it was 235.6±38.48 µm at 3-month and was 237.55±37.27 µm at 6-month. In the glaucoma group, there was a significant decrease in the first three months despite the treatment, but no significant change was observed in the next three months. In the healthy group, the mean mCTs were 287.78±26.77 µm, 285.48±25.58 µm and 285.02±27.44 µm at baseline, at 3-month and at 6-month, respectively. No significant change was observed in the control group throughout the process. However, the mean mCT values in the glaucoma group were significantly thinner in all controls compared to the healthy group (p<0.05). Furthermore, significant correlations were found between CT and some ONH, as well as mf-ERG parameters.ConclusionThe choroid can play an important role in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Significant correlations in parameters support this relationship. We have observed that the glaucomatous effect initiated first in the inferior quadrant of ONH.
| S-EPMC8842068 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Purpose. To investigate the potential relationship between open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and peripapillary choroidal thickness (PPCT). Materials and Methods. Relevant publications were searched systematically through various databases from inception to January 2016. Studies comparing PPCT in OAG patients and healthy controls were retrieved. All qualified articles were analyzed using Stata 14.0 and Revman 5.3 software. Results. A total of 13 studies were identified for inclusion. There was a significant reduction of average PPCT in OAG patients compared to control participants (WMD = -24.07, 95% CI: -34.29, -13.85). Reduction of PPCT was significant in the superior (WMD = -28.87, 95% CI: -44.96, -12.78) and nasal (WMD = -21.75, 95% CI: -41.52, -1.98) sectors, but there was no significant reduction of PPCT in the inferior (WMD = -9.57, 95% CI: -36.55, 17.40) and temporal (WMD = -13.85, 95% CI: -35.40, 7.70) sectors. No obvious publication bias was detected. Conclusions. This meta-analysis suggests that open-angle glaucoma patients have significantly decreased peripapillary choroidal thickness compared to healthy individuals. Peripapillary choroidal thickness measured by optical coherence tomography may be an important parameter to consider in open-angle glaucoma.
| S-EPMC4889846 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo compare peripapillary and macular choroidal thickness (PCT and MCT) between open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and normal controls using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT), and to evaluate global and localized relationships between choroidal thickness and various factors in OAG, also using SS-OCT.MethodsIn this cross-sectional comparative study, 134 OAG patients and 73 normal controls were examined. PCT (global, 12 clock-hour sectors), MCT (global, six sectors) were measured by SS-OCT. The difference in choroidal thickness between the OAG patients and the normal controls was analyzed. The relationships between choroidal thickness and various factors including age, sex, spherical equivalent (SE), axial length (AXL), central corneal thickness (CCT), intraocular pressure (IOP), peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (pRNFLT), visual field mean deviation (MD), ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness (GCIPLT), and disc area were analyzed by univariate and multivariate linear regression. Global and regional analyses were performed in 12 segments of the peripapillary circle and in six sectors of the macula.ResultsThere were significant differences in global PCT and MCT between the OAG patients and the normal controls (115.22±41.17 vs. 138.89±44.70, P<0.001), (184.36±57.15 vs. 209.25±61.11, P = 0.004). The difference in global PCT remained, both after adjusting for age, AXL (117.08±3.45 vs. 135.47±4.70, P = 0.002) and also after adjusting for age, AXL, disc area (117.46±3.46 vs. 135.67±4.67, P = 0.002). But the difference in global MCT did not remain after adjusting for age, AXL, SE (188.18±4.46 vs. 202.25±6.08, P = 0.066). PCT showed significant differences between the groups in all of the 12 clock-hour sectors. These differences remained after adjusting for age, AXL and for age, AXL, disc area, with the exception of the 10 o'clock (o/c) sector. MCT in six sectors showed differences between the two groups, but they did not remain after adjusting for age, AXL, SE. In a multivariate regression analysis of the OAG patients, global PCT showed correlations with age (? = -1.18, P = 0.001), AXL (? = -14.01, P<0.001), and disc area (? = -16.67, P = 0.026). Global MCT, meanwhile, showed a significant correlation with age (? = -1.92, P<0.001), AXL. (? = -21.97, P<0.001). Choroidal thickness did not show any global or localized relationship with glaucoma severity in the OAG patients.ConclusionsThe global and all 12 clock-hour PCT, with the exception of the 10 o/c sector, were thinner in OAG; however, they did not show any correlation with glaucoma severity. Possible roles of PCT in glaucoma pathogenesis should be investigated further.
| S-EPMC4911141 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:To evaluate the macular vessel density (VD) and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness in pre-perimetric (PPG) and early perimetric primary open-angle glaucoma (PG) eyes, and to compare the diagnostic ability of the two measurements to discriminate PPG and early PG eyes from healthy eyes. METHODS:Seventy-nine eyes in 72 subjects (31 normal, 26 PPG, and 22 early PG eyes) were included in the consecutive case series. Macular VD and GCC thickness were acquired simultaneously using the 6 × 6 mm2 high-density AngioRetina scanning mode. Diagnostic abilities were assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). RESULTS:Compared to healthy eyes, whole image VD (wiVD) and GCC thickness were significantly lower in PPG and early PG eyes (all P < 0.025). The percent reduction of wiVD was lower than that of GCC thickness in early PG eyes (P < 0.05), while they were similar in PPG eyes (P > 0.05). Regionally, greater VD attenuation and GCC thinning were identified in the perifovea than in the parafovea in both groups (all P < 0.05). Moreover, the percent reduction of VD was less than that of GCC thickness in the perifoveal region in PPG eyes (P < 0.05). The AUROCs for wiVD and GCC thickness were 0.824 and 0.881, respectively, in PPG eyes (P > 0.05), and 0.918 and 0.977, respectively, in early PG eyes (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Macular VD and GCC thickness significantly decreased in PPG and early PG eyes. The perifoveal region appeared to be more vulnerable to macular VD attenuation and GCC thinning in early glaucoma. Our results showed that macular VD measurements may be helpful for detecting and understanding early glaucomatous damage.
| S-EPMC6950925 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PURPOSE:The current study investigated differences in the peripapillary and macular choroidal areas between patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and healthy controls because the choroid may potentially play a role in glaucoma pathophysiology. METHODS:We assessed 57 healthy controls and 42 POAG patients in a cross-sectional comparative study. We used enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) and then converted the luminal and interstitial areas to binary images using the Niblack method to obtain peripapillary and macular choroidal images. The relationship between the choroidal area and demographic and ocular characteristics were determined with univariate and multivariate linear regression analysis. RESULTS:Regarding the peripapillary choroidal area, no significant differences were noted between healthy controls and POAG patients (1,836,336 ± 605,617 μm2 vs. 1,775,566 ± 477,317 μm2, respectively, P = 0.60). There were also no differences found for the macular choroidal area (controls: 347,220 ± 115,409 μm2, patients: 342,193 ± 104,356 μm2, P = 0.83). Multivariate regression analysis in the POAG patients revealed there was a significant relationship between the macular choroidal area and age (β = -0.525, P = 0.002) and axial length (β = -0.458, P = 0.005). In contrast, no correlation was found between peripapillary choroidal areas and various attributes in the POAG patients. CONCLUSIONS:EDI-OCT showed no differences in the peripapillary or macular choroidal area in healthy individuals compared to POAG patients.
| S-EPMC7135285 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeTo characterize and compare the ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness and macula vessel density in preperimetric and early primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) eyes.DesignCross-sectional study.MethodsFifty-seven healthy, 68 preperimetric, and 162 early POAG eyes enrolled in the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A)-based superficial macula vessel density and OCT-based GCC thickness were evaluated simultaneously. Percent loss from normal of GCC thickness and macula vessel density was compared. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to describe the diagnostic utility.ResultsBoth GCC thickness and vessel density were significantly lower in preperimetric and early POAG eyes compared to healthy eyes. Compared to the preperimetric POAG group, the early POAG group showed larger GCC thickness percent loss (whole image 4.72% vs 9.86%; all P < .01) but similar vessel density percent loss (whole image 4.97% vs 6.93%; all P > .05). In preperimetric POAG, GCC thickness and vessel density percent losses were similar (all P > .1). In contrast, in early POAG, GCC thickness percent loss was larger than that of vessel density (all P ≤ .001). To discriminate preperimetric or early glaucoma eyes from healthy eyes, GCC thickness and macula vessel density showed similar diagnostic accuracy (all P > .05).ConclusionsBoth GCC thinning and macula vessel density dropout were detectable in preperimetric and early POAG eyes. GCC loss was greater than macula vessel density loss in early perimetric POAG. However, OCT-A and OCT measurements showed similar efficiency to detect early glaucoma.
| S-EPMC6382614 | biostudies-literature
Project description:A substantial fraction of glaucoma has a genetic basis. About 5% of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is currently attributed to single-gene or Mendelian forms of glaucoma (ie glaucoma caused by mutations in myocilin or optineurin). Mutations in these genes have a high likelihood of leading to glaucoma and are rarely seen in normal subjects. Other cases of POAG have a more complex genetic basis and are caused by the combined effects of many genetic and environmental risk factors, each of which do not act alone to cause glaucoma. These factors are more frequently detected in patients with POAG, but are also commonly observed in normal subjects. Additional genes that may be important in glaucoma pathogenesis have been investigated using quantitative traits approaches. Such studies have begun to identify genes that control the magnitude of important quantitative features of glaucoma that may also be important risk factors for POAG, such as central corneal thickness. Each of these different approaches to study glaucoma genetics is providing new insights into the pathogenesis of POAG.
| S-EPMC3171270 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimTo estimate the risk of blindness with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) compared to primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in those population-based studies that reported blindness rates for both PACG and POAG.MethodA systematic search was performed in PubMed for articles published in English between 2000 and 2020 reporting the prevalence of POAG as well as PACG among various ethnic populations. A study was included if it was (1) population-based (2) had published prevalence and blindness rates for both PACG and POAG in the same cohort. (3) Glaucoma was defined as per the International Society for Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology (ISGEO) criteria. The proportion of blindness for both POAG and PACG for each study and the cumulative proportion taking all the studies were calculated.ResultsWe included 23 studies with 78,434 participants. POAG was diagnosed in 1702 persons with 151 (8.9%) blind. There were 724 cases of PACG with 196 (27.0%) blind. The risk ratio of blindness in PACG to POAG varied from 0.73 to 10.6 among the studies. The cumulative risk ratio was 2.39 (95% confidence interval (CI); 1.99, 2.87). Risk ratios for studies including visual field restriction while defining blindness were similar to studies that did not (1.92 vs 2.64, P = 0.11). Risk ratios were also similar for studies that used greater than 2 instead of 3 or more quadrants of iridotrabecular contact to define angle closure (2.79 vs 2.25).ConclusionPrimary angle-closure disease is more likely to be associated with blindness.
| S-EPMC9582001 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The total RNA from control and POAG optic nerve lamina cribrosa region was isolated and subjected to analysis on U133A 2.0 affymetrix microarray chip. The results from these two analysis was compared to determine whether PAD II RNA level is altered. Purpose of the study. This study was done to determine which RNA transcripts undergo significant changes in the optic nerve between normal and cadaver primary open-angle glaucoma donors. Using donor tissues from NDRI we have performed proteomic analyses (which will be published shortly), we intend a comparison between the proteomic and RNA changes for select proteins in our study. Sample Collection and Preparation of Labeled Copy RNA; The total RNA from optic nerve was obtained using TRIZOL (Invitrogen Inc., Carlsbad, CA) with modification of recommended protocols. The optic nerve from donor eyes were carefully excised and minced into small pieces first using a scissor and then a scalpel. Prior to use tissue was washed with DEPC water and all solutions were prepared in DEPC water. The minced tissue was placed in a glass homogenizer with 1 ml TRIZOL per 100 mg of tissue and homogenized in a glass homogenizer DUALL 20 (Kimble Kontes Glass Co, Vineland, NJ) with 10 strokes cycles each at room temperature and after freezing with liquid nitrogen for 1 min for 40 cycles. This RNA was extracted with chloroform, isoamylalcohol and precipitated with sodium citrate/sodium chloride and isopropanol. The final air-dried RNA precipitate was suspended in DEPC water and stored in â??80oC prior to use. RNA was prepared for hybridization according to the GeneChip Expression Analysis Technical Manual (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA). The hybridization was performed at Gene Expression Array Core Facility at Case Western Reserve University (www.geacf.net). The RNA sample was cleaned using a column from a Qiagen RNeasy kit, (part # 74104 ) in accordance with the manufacturerâ??s instructions. The volume of DEPC water used to elute the RNA from the Qiagen column was dictated by the nominal mass of the loaded RNA sample. Samples were eluted in 100ml of water, precipitated with 0.5 volume of 7.5M Ammonium Acetate and 2.5 volumes of 100% ethanol at -20oC for 1 hr and centrifuged for 10 min at room temperature. The pellet was drained and washed twice in 500µl of 70% ethanol. Supernatant was aspirated. The pellet was dried briefly (less than 1 min) in a speeedvac (Savant) and re-suspended in a small volume (~ 12â??15ml) of DEPC water. A small aliquot (2ml) of the sample was used for quantitation. Cleaned RNA samples were annotated as â??clnRNAâ?? and stored at -20oC. cDNA Synthesis; The protocol recommended by Affymetrix Inc. for cDNA synthesis was used at all times. The reaction was primed by annealing an oligo-dT primer coupled to a T7 RNA polymerase promoter to the RNA sample. Whenever possible, 8 mg of clnRNA were reverse transcribed using Superscript II reverse transcriptase in a 20ml reaction at 42oC for 1 hr. Second strand synthesis was carried out immediately in a total reaction volume of 150ml in the presence of E. coli DNA polymerase I, RNAse H and DNA ligase. The reaction mixture incubated for 2 hrs at 16oC and for a further 5 min in the presence of T4 DNA pol.. The reaction was terminated by the addition of EDTA. The sample was cleaned with a Qiagen cDNA clean-up column according to the manufacturers directions. The elution buffer volume was 14ml. The eluted samples were stored overnight at -20oC. In-Vitro Transcription (IVT) reaction; In a 0.5ml microfuge tube, complementary RNA (cRNA) was generated in an IVT reaction using a BioArray High Yield ENZO kit (Affymetrix). The 40ml reaction contained 10ml of cDNA sample and was incubated at 37oC in the heating block for 4-5hrs. Samples were mixed by flicking, pulse-centrifuged and returned to the incubator once every 40 minutes. Upon completion of the reaction, IVT samples were adjusted to a volume of 100ml with DEPC-treated water and cleaned using Qiagen RNA clean-up columns. Samples were eluted in 45ml of DEPC-treated water. A 2ml-aliquot was used for quantitation. Corrected concentrations of cRNA (minus the input clnRNA) were determined. A standard fragmentation reaction volume was 40ml in a 0.5 ml microfuge tube and used 20mg of overall IVT RNA in 1X fragmentation buffer (40mM Tris acetate, pH 8.1, 100mM KOAc, 30mM MgOAc). The reaction was incubated at 94oC for 35min in a heat block. After the 35 min incubation the fragmented samples were placed on ice. The standard hybridization cocktail volume was 300ml. 150ml of 2X hybridization buffer was added (final concentrations : 100mM MES, 1M [Na+], 20mM EDTA, 0.01% Tween 20) Herring sperm and acetylated BSA were added to a final concentration of 0.1 and 0.5mg/ml respectively. The amount of fragmentation reaction containing 15mg of cRNA was added to the cocktail and the remaining volume was made up with molecular biology grade water. A 15ml aliquot of a 20X mixture of in-vitro transcripts of bacterial genes BioB BioC BioD and cre as external controls (spikes) were added to the cocktail to give final concentrations of 1.5, 5, 25 and 100pM respectively. Control oligonucleotide (5ml) was added to a final concentration of 50pM. Array Hybridization; Sample Hyridization cocktails (300ml) were removed from storage at â??20oC and thawed in a 45oC temperature block. The samples were incubated at 45oC for 5 min, incubated at 45oC for 5 min and then centrifuged at 15,000g for 5 min. This study used commercially available Affymetrix HG U133A 2.0 arrays only. These are in situ synthesized, high density oligonucleotide arrays which can interrogate 22,777 gene entities. The part number is 900444 more detailed information may be found at www.affymetrix.com website. Meanwhile, the affymetrix chip arrays were taken from their storage at 4oC and allowed to come to room temperature. The chamber was filled with 1X hybridization buffer (final concentrations : 100mM MES, 1M [Na+], 20mM EDTA, 0.01% Tween 20). The chip was then preconditioned by incubation in the hybridization oven at 45oC for 10 min. The chip was removed and the chamber drained. Sample cocktails (200ml) were then introduced into the chamber of the chips. The ports were sealed with tough-spots stickers and placed in the hybridization oven and incubated at 45oC with rotation overnight. Next day (16hr later), the incubation was terminated and the chips removed from the oven. Samples were retrieved from the chips and stored again in a freezer at -20oC. The chips were filled with buffer A and placed in a module of Fluidics 400 wash station. The chips were subjected to the Affymetrix â??EuKws4 ver 2â?? programmed series of stringent post hybridization washes, staining and post-staining washes in accordance with Affy protocols. Upon completion of the wash series (approximately 2 hrs), the chips were removed from the Fluidics station. The chips were inspected. Chips were scanned using an Agilent Gene Array scanner 3000 driven by Affymetrix GCOS software. Generation of Expression Values; Microarray Suite, version 5 (Affymetrix), was used to generate *.cel files, and a computer program (Probe Profiler, ver. 1.3.11; Corimbia Inc., Berkeley, CA) developed specifically for the GeneChip system (Affymetrix) was used to convert intensity data into quantitative estimates of gene expression for each probe set. The software identifies informative probe pairs, and down-weights the signal contribution of probe pairs that are subject to differential cross-hybridization effects or that consistently produce no signal. The software also detects and corrects for saturation artifacts, outliers, and chip defects. A probability statistic was generated for each probe set. The probability is associated with the null hypothesis that the expression level of the probe set is equal to zero (background). Genes not significantly expressed above background in any of the samples (P > 0.05) were
2008-06-12 | E-GEOD-2387 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The aim of the study is to investigate risk factors for future falls in subject with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).All participants answered the following question at their baseline ophthalmic examination: Have you had any falls in the last year? (Yes/No). All study participants answered the same question every 12 months for 3 years. The means of total deviation values in the whole, superior peripheral, superior central, inferior central, and inferior peripheral visual fields (VF) were calculated. The relationship between these mean VF measurements, and various clinical factors against patients' future falls was analyzed using multiple linear regression.Two-hundred ninety four POAG patients answered the baseline and follow-up fall questionnaires over a period of three years. Among 294 subjects, 69 patients experienced a fall during the three-year follow-up. History of falls at baseline (coefficient?=?1.22), history of fear of falling at baseline (0.53), best corrected visual acuity in the worse eye (7.37), prevalence of diabetes mellitus (0.60), prevalence of systemic hypertension (0.53) were selected in the optimal model.Visual acuity in the worse eye, history of falls, fear of falling, diabetes mellitus, and systemic hypertension are risk factors for falling in subjects with POAG.
| S-EPMC5702084 | biostudies-other