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Sun protection education for diverse audiences: need for skin cancer pictures.

ABSTRACT: Sun protection education is needed for kidney transplant recipients, whose increased risk of skin cancer could be ameliorated with sun protection. Cognitive interviews with 24 participants equally stratified among non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic/Latino kidney transplant recipients were performed to evaluate a sun protection education workbook. Study participants were recruited over the phone using a registry of 700 kidney transplant recipients. Participants included 12 women and 12 men with a median age of 52. In 16 of the cognitive interviews with non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanic/Latinos, pictures of skin cancer were requested by the participants in order to see the appearance of skin cancer. Kidney transplant recipients with skin of color did not consider themselves at risk to develop skin cancer and wanted to see examples of skin cancer occurring on people with skin of color. Based on these results, the workbook was modified to include pictures of squamous cell carcinoma on varying skin tones. Then, 8 participants evaluated the revised workbook in cognitive interviews and found the photographs acceptable and necessary to demonstrate the severity of skin cancer and personalize their risk of developing skin cancer. The participants progressed from having knowledge of skin cancer to believing that they could develop skin cancer because they observed skin cancers on people with their skin tone. Using pictures of skin cancers occurring on people with similar skin tone may heighten a kidney transplant recipients' sense of vulnerability and possibly improve the use of sun protection.

SUBMITTER: Guevara Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4216777 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Sun protection education for diverse audiences: need for skin cancer pictures.

Guevara Yanina Y Gaber Rikki R Clayman Marla L ML Gordon Elisa J EJ Friedewald John J Robinson June K JK

Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education 20150301 1

Sun protection education is needed for kidney transplant recipients, whose increased risk of skin cancer could be ameliorated with sun protection. Cognitive interviews with 24 participants equally stratified among non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic/Latino kidney transplant recipients were performed to evaluate a sun protection education workbook. Study participants were recruited over the phone using a registry of 700 kidney transplant recipients. Participants included 12 women ...[more]

PMID: 24788983

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Project description:ImportanceSun safety attitudes developed in early childhood can reduce lifetime UV radiation exposure and the risk of skin cancer.ObjectiveTo assess the current policies, practices, and attitudes among caregivers regarding sun protection in children aged 2 to 6 years.Design, setting, and participantsA survey of 202 administrators or managers and teachers of Illinois Head Start/Early Head Start (HS/EHS) and day care centers was conducted from July 3 through 21, 2017. Organizations were randomly selected from 4 lists of urban, suburban, town, and rural locations and stratified to ensure population-based proportional representation of the Illinois population vulnerable to UV exposure. Program administrators or managers participated in a 5- to 10-minute telephone interview that assessed importance of health and sun protection behaviors, program practices, and demographic characteristics. Data analysis was conducted August 2, 2017.Main outcomes and measuresOutcomes included attitudes toward the importance of health behaviors in comparison with sun protective behaviors, reported use of sun protection (seeking shade, scheduling outdoor activities, sun protective clothing, and sunscreen practices), and sunburn prevalence.ResultsRespondents (from 102 HS/EHS programs with 52% boys overall and a mean [SD] child age of 2.5 [0.5] y and 100 day care programs with 49% boys and age of 2.3 [0.4] y) stated that the 3 most important habits were good nutrition (66 [64.7%] HS/EHS, 71 [71.0%] day care), adequate exercise (41 [40.2%] HS/EHS, 55 [55.0%] day care), and brushing teeth (35 [34.3%] HS/EHS, 38 [38.0 %] day care). Scheduling outdoor activities to avoid peak sun intensity was performed less by HS/EHS programs (46 [45.1%]) in comparison with day care programs (71 [71.0%]; P < .001). Sunscreen was provided for students in 109 programs, but 84 (77.1%) did not allow children to apply sunscreen themselves. Half of the programs (100 of 202 [50.0%]) used spray sunscreen to avoid unnecessarily touching children. Most programs did not report any children having sunburns (129 [63.9%]) and followed heat index guidelines (114 [56.4%]).Conclusions and relevanceAdministrators and teachers did not identify sun safety as one of the most important health habits. While spray sunscreen was used frequently, avoiding spraying sunscreen directly on a child's face, which may get it into the child's eyes, was not done. The heat index was widely used to determine outdoor playtime. Adopting UV index policies could help prevent sunburns in early spring when the heat index is low but UV index is high. Dermatologists may assume responsibility for educating the administrators about the danger of spraying sunscreen into a child's face and the advantage of using the UV index to determine when sun protection is needed.

Project description:BackgroundSkin cancer is among the most common cancer types with an increasing global trend of incidence rate. This study explores the spatial distribution of skin cancer, considering body sites exposed and not exposed to sunshine separately.MethodsWe used 4302 skin cancer cases recorded by Fars Cancer Registry in south-western Iran for over 6 years (2011-2017). The variables included in the study were patients' residence address, gender, age, report date, and final topographical code. The patients' addresses were geocoded to the counties of the study area. Skin cancer sites were categorized based on sun exposure in male and female cases. We used the empirical Bayesian smoothing approach to smooth the skin cancer incidence rate at the county level to remove any potential population size bias. Finally, Anselin's Local Moran's Index and Getis Ord G* were used to identify the clustered and high-risk skin cancer geographical areas.ResultsThe incidence rates had an increasing trend from 14.28 per 100,000 people in 2011 to 17.87 per 100,000 people in 2016, however, it was decreased to 13.05 per 100,000 people in 2017. Out of 4302 patients with skin cancer, 2602 cases (60%) were male. The cancer cumulative incidence rate in males and females who were not exposed to sunshine was 7.80 and 14.18 per 100,000, respectively. The rates increased to 86.22 and 48.20 in males and females who were exposed to the sun. There were some high-risk spatial clusters of skin cancer in the study area. Further investigations are required to identify the underlying cause of the formation of these clusters.ConclusionsPatients exposed to sunshine, especially among the male group, experienced much higher rates of cancer occurrence as compared to unexposed individuals. With a heterogeneous spatial pattern, hotspots were identified in non-sun-exposed and sun-exposed categories in the study area. Researchers and policymakers can significantly benefit from the spatial analyses of skin cancer incidence. These analyses can provide useful and timely prevention policies as well as tailored monitoring techniques in high-risk regions.

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Project description:Sun protection among children is of utmost importance since sunburn in early life is a major risk factor for skin cancer development. Because parents play a vital role in enhancing sun safety among children, this study explored parental perceptions concerning sun exposure, sun protection behaviors, and sunburn in children. Additionally, the context in which children experience sunburn in order to assist the development, optimization, and targeting of sun safety interventions for parents is revealed. A qualitative study design, using a semi-structured interview guide addressing several themes (e.g., sun exposure, sun protection, and sunburn experiences), was used. Data were collected in the Netherlands in the fall of 2019. Parents were recruited via purposive sampling at schools, youth services centers, and social media. Execution, transcription, and coding of the interviews was done by two researchers, using the qualitative analyzing program Nvivo (interrater reliability of d = 0.84). In total, 26 interviews were performed (n = 17 mothers, n = 17 daughters, aged between 4 and 11 years). Parental perceptions and recall of their child's lifetime sunburn were frequent, even though all parents reported using at least one sun protection measure during sun exposure situations and parents seemed often unaware of their child's sunburn. Moreover, parents reported an overreliance on sunscreen, often failing to adequately protect their children's skin. Water-related activities, a lack of shade, and misconceptions regarding UV-index were often related to sunburn. In addition, unexpected sun exposure or longer exposure duration than initially planned were reported as challenging situations. The majority of parents had positive perceptions regarding tanned skin for both themselves as for children. This study provides directions for skin cancer prevention efforts targeted at both parents and their children. Since a lack of knowledge regarding sufficient sun protection measures and sunburn occurrence in various situations was reported, educational efforts are warranted. Additionally, focusing on clothing, shade-seeking, and adequate sunscreen use is recommended to increase children's sun safety. By intervening in the physical environment as well (e.g., providing shady areas), sun protection barriers can be reduced. Lastly, the general positive attitude toward tanned skin evident in this study is certainly worthy of attention in future interventions.

Dataset Information

Sun protection education for diverse audiences: need for skin cancer pictures.

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Sun protection education for diverse audiences: need for skin cancer pictures.

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