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Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitors and pancreatic cancer: a cohort study.

ABSTRACT: To compare pancreatic cancer incidence and diagnostic evaluation among patients initiating dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor treatment with those initiating sulfonylureas (SU) and thiazolidinediones (TZD).Medicare claims data were examined in a new-user active-comparator cohort study. Patients >65 years with no prescriptions for DPP-4 inhibitors, SU or TZD at baseline were included if they had at least two claims for the same drug within 180 days. Using an as-treated approach and propensity score-adjusted Cox models, we estimated the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for pancreatic cancer. Diagnostic evaluations were compared using risk ratios.In the DPP-4 inhibitor versus SU comparison, there were 18 179 patients who initiated treatment with DPP-4 inhibitors, of whom 26 developed pancreatic cancer (interquartile range follow-up 5-18 months). In the DPP-4 inhibitor versus TZD comparison there were 29 366 people initiating DPP-4 inhibitor treatment and 52 of these developed pancreatic cancer. The risk of pancreatic cancer with DPP-4 inhibitor treatment was lower relative to SU treatment (HR: 0.6, CI: 0.4-0.9) and similar to TZD treatment (HR: 1.0, 95% CI: 0.7-1.4). After the first 6 months of follow-up were excluded to reduce the potential for reverse causality, the results were not altered. The probability of diagnostic evaluation after commencing DPP-4 inhibitor treatment (79.3%) was similar to that for TZD (74.1%, risk ratio 1.06, 95% CI: 1.05-1.07) and SU (74.6%) (risk ratio 1.06, 95% CI: 1.05-1.07). The probability of diagnostic evaluation before the index date (date of initiating treatment) was ?80% for all cohorts.Although the present study was limited by sample size and the observed duration of treatment in the USA, our well-controlled population-based study suggests there is no higher short-term pancreatic cancer risk with DPP-4 inhibitor treatment relative to SU or TZD treatment.

SUBMITTER: Gokhale M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4227935 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitors and pancreatic cancer: a cohort study.

Gokhale M M Buse J B JB Gray C L CL Pate V V Marquis M A MA Stürmer T T

Diabetes, obesity & metabolism 20140910 12

<h4>Aim</h4>To compare pancreatic cancer incidence and diagnostic evaluation among patients initiating dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor treatment with those initiating sulfonylureas (SU) and thiazolidinediones (TZD).<h4>Methods</h4>Medicare claims data were examined in a new-user active-comparator cohort study. Patients >65 years with no prescriptions for DPP-4 inhibitors, SU or TZD at baseline were included if they had at least two claims for the same drug within 180 days. Using an as-t ...[more]

PMID: 25109825

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Project description:OBJECTIVE:To assess whether the use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors is associated with the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. DESIGN:Population based cohort study. SETTING:More than 700 general practices contributing data to the United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink. PARTICIPANTS:A cohort of 141?170 patients, at least 18 years of age, starting antidiabetic drugs between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2016, with follow-up until 30 June 2017. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Adjusted hazard ratios for incident inflammatory bowel disease associated with use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors overall, by cumulative duration of use, and by time since initiation, estimated using time dependent Cox proportional hazards models. Use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors was modelled as a time varying variable and compared with use of other antidiabetic drugs, with exposures lagged by six months to account for latency and diagnostic delays. RESULTS:During 552?413 person years of follow-up, 208 incident inflammatory bowel disease events occurred (crude incidence rate of 37.7 (95% confidence interval 32.7 to 43.1) per 100?000 person years). Overall, use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors was associated with an increased risk of inflammatory bowel disease (53.4 v 34.5 per 100?000 person years; hazard ratio 1.75, 95% confidence interval 1.22 to 2.49). Hazard ratios gradually increased with longer durations of use, reaching a peak after three to four years of use (hazard ratio 2.90, 1.31 to 6.41) and decreasing after more than four years of use (1.45, 0.44 to 4.76). A similar pattern was observed with time since starting dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. These findings remained consistent in several sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS:In this first population based study, the use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors was associated with an increased risk of inflammatory bowel disease. Although these findings need to be replicated, physicians should be aware of this possible association.

Dataset Information

Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitors and pancreatic cancer: a cohort study.

Publications

Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitors and pancreatic cancer: a cohort study.

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