Development of interactive algorithm for clinical management of acute events related to sickle cell disease in emergency department.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Forni GL
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4230640 | biostudies-literature | 2014
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Development of interactive algorithm for clinical management of acute events related to sickle cell disease in emergency department.
Forni Gian Luca GL Finco Gabriele G Graziadei Giovanna G Balocco Manuela M Rigano Paolo P Perrotta Silverio S Olivieri Oliviero O Cappellini Maria Domenica MD De Franceschi Lucia L
Orphanet journal of rare diseases 20140623
Sickle cell disease (SCD ORPHA232; OMIM 603903) is a rare hereditary red cell disorder, which global distribution is changed in the last decade due to immigration-fluxes from endemic areas to Western-countries. One of the main clinical manifestations of SCD are the acute painful vaso-occlusive crisis, which cause frequent accesses of SCD patients to the emergency departments (EDs). This has generated the requirement of feasible tools for emergency givers. In the context of the scientific-Italian ...[more]
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Project description:Sickle cell disease is the most common inherited blood disorder in the United States. This disorder of hemoglobin structure leads to a chronic hemolytic anemia and complex chronic disease manifested by sudden, severe, and life-threatening complications. These acute complications can occur in any organ system beginning in early childhood and lasting throughout life. The intermittent nature and acuity of these complications lend the emergency department to be an important site of care. The hallmark of sickle cell disease is the vasoocclusive painful event. Other more "typical" complications include fever, acute chest syndrome, priapism, and ischemic stroke. Children with sickle cell disease can also present with other "atypical" complications that can have devastating consequences if they are unrecognized. Detailed discussion of these "atypical" sickle cell disease complications, organized by organ system involved, will be the focus of this article.
| S-EPMC3172721 | biostudies-other
Project description:IntroductionSickle-cell disease (SCD) is one of the most common hematologic inherited disorders in Saudi Arabia. Vaso-occlusive pain crisis in SCD is a major cause for emergency visits and patients' pain may be undertreated. This study presents a narrative literature review of current agents used to manage acute pain crisis in SCD patients presenting to the emergency department in hospitals of Saudi Arabia.MethodWe conducted a narrative review on relevant published articles about sickle cell disease pain crisis management in Saudi Arabia and included seven relevant studies based on our inclusion criteria.ResultsUsing our search strategy, we included 7 studies Out of 4052. Studies included were conducted in different locations in the country. Four studies were in the Eastern region while only one in Western and One in Central regions. Those studies included around 2441 patients, in total. Morphine was used in 5 studies out of the 7 included. Pethidine was used in 4. One study used Isoxsuprine and another study used tinzaparin.ConclusionWe found that continuous administration of IV morphine accompanied by oral analgesics including NSAIDs and acetaminophen is the most commonly used practice for treating SCD patients presenting with a vaso-occlusive pain crisis. Possible effectiveness of tinzaparin, isoxsuprine, and pethidine as therapeutic options may be considered. However, there was no recommendation for a certain agent to be prescribed. We recommend conducting further clinical randomized-controlled trials.
| S-EPMC8233527 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common, growing, and costly medical condition. We aimed to evaluate the impact of a management algorithm for symptomatic AF that used an emergency department observation unit on hospital admission rates and patient outcomes.This retrospective cohort study compared 563 patients who presented consecutively in the year after implementation of the algorithm, from July 2013 through June 2014 (intervention group), with 627 patients in a historical cohort (preintervention group) who presented consecutively from July 2011 through June 2012. All patients who consented to have their records used for chart review were included if they had a primary final emergency department diagnosis of AF. We observed no significant differences in age, sex, vital signs, body mass index, or CHADS2 (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age, diabetes mellitus, and prior stroke or transient ischemic attack) score between the preintervention and intervention groups. The rate of inpatient admission was significantly lower in the intervention group (from 45% to 36%; P<0.001). The groups were not significantly different with regard to rates of return emergency department visits (19% versus 17%; P=0.48), hospitalization (18% versus 16%; P=0.22), or adverse events (2% versus 2%; P=0.95) within 30 days. Emergency department observation unit admissions were 40% (P<0.001) less costly than inpatient hospital admissions of ≤1 day's duration.Implementation of an emergency department observation unit AF algorithm was associated with significantly decreased hospital admissions without increasing the rates of return emergency department visits, hospitalization, or adverse events within 30 days.
| S-EPMC4802469 | biostudies-other
Project description:ObjectivesTo describe clinical characteristics and management of acute lymphadenitis and to identify risk factors for complications.MethodsHealth record review of children ≤17 years with acute lymphadenitis (≤2 weeks) in a tertiary paediatric emergency department (2009-2014); 10% of charts were reviewed by a blinded second reviewer. Multivariate logistic regression identified factors associated with intravenous antibiotic treatment, unplanned return visits warranting intervention, and surgical drainage.ResultsOf 1,023 health records, 567 participants with acute lymphadenitis were analyzed. The median age = 4 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 2 to 8 years), and median duration of symptoms = 1.0 day (IQR: 0.5 to 3.0 days). Cervical lymphadenitis was most common. Antibiotics were prescribed in 73.5% of initial visits; 86.9% of participants were discharged home. 29.0% received intravenous antibiotics, 19.3% had unplanned emergency department return visits, and 7.4% underwent surgical drainage. On multivariate analysis, factors associated with intravenous antibiotic use included history of fever (odds ratio [OR]=2.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11 to 3.92), size (OR=1.74 per cm, 95% CI: 1.44 to 2.14), age (OR=0.84 per year, 95% CI: 0.76 to 0.92), and prior antibiotic use (OR=4.45, 95% CI: 2.03 to 9.88). The factors associated with unplanned return visit warranting intervention was size (OR=1.30 per cm, 95% CI: 1.06 to 1.59) and age (OR=0.89, 95% CI: 0.80 to 0.97). Factors associated with surgical drainage were age (OR=0.68 per year, 95% CI: 0.53 to 0.83) and size (OR=1.80 per cm, 95% CI: 1.41 to 2.36).ConclusionsThe vast majority of children with acute lymphadenitis were managed with outpatient oral antibiotics and did not require return emergency department visits or surgical drainage. Larger lymph node size and younger age were associated with increased intravenous antibiotic initiation, unplanned return visits warranting intervention and surgical drainage.
| S-EPMC7739529 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Dietary supplements, such as herbal or complementary nutritional products and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals), are commonly used in the United States, yet national data on adverse effects are limited. METHODS:We used nationally representative surveillance data from 63 emergency departments obtained from 2004 through 2013 to describe visits to U.S. emergency departments because of adverse events related to dietary supplements. RESULTS:On the basis of 3667 cases, we estimated that 23,005 (95% confidence interval [CI], 18,611 to 27,398) emergency department visits per year were attributed to adverse events related to dietary supplements. These visits resulted in an estimated 2154 hospitalizations (95% CI, 1342 to 2967) annually. Such visits frequently involved young adults between the ages of 20 and 34 years (28.0% of visits; 95% CI, 25.1 to 30.8) and unsupervised children (21.2% of visits; 95% CI, 18.4 to 24.0). After the exclusion of unsupervised ingestion of dietary supplements by children, 65.9% (95% CI, 63.2 to 68.5) of emergency department visits for single-supplement-related adverse events involved herbal or complementary nutritional products; 31.8% (95% CI, 29.2 to 34.3) involved micronutrients. Herbal or complementary nutritional products for weight loss (25.5%; 95% CI, 23.1 to 27.9) and increased energy (10.0%; 95% CI, 8.0 to 11.9) were commonly implicated. Weight-loss or energy products caused 71.8% (95% CI, 67.6 to 76.1) of supplement-related adverse events involving palpitations, chest pain, or tachycardia, and 58.0% (95% CI, 52.2 to 63.7) involved persons 20 to 34 years of age. Among adults 65 years of age or older, choking or pill-induced dysphagia or globus caused 37.6% (95% CI, 29.1 to 46.2) of all emergency department visits for supplement-related adverse events; micronutrients were implicated in 83.1% (95% CI, 73.3 to 92.9) of these visits. CONCLUSIONS:An estimated 23,000 emergency department visits in the United States every year are attributed to adverse events related to dietary supplements. Such visits commonly involve cardiovascular manifestations from weight-loss or energy products among young adults and swallowing problems, often associated with micronutrients, among older adults. (Funded by the Department of Health and Human Services.).
| S-EPMC6196363 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To systematically review the literature regarding the prevalence, preventability, severity and types of adverse events (AE) in the Emergency Department (ED).We systematically searched major bibliographic databases, relevant journals and conference proceedings, and completed reference reviews of primary articles. Observational studies (cohort and case-control), quasi-experimental (e.g. before/after) studies and randomized controlled trials, were considered for inclusion if they examined a broad demographic group reflecting a significant proportion of ED patients and described the proportion of AE. Studies conducted outside of the ED setting, those examining only a subpopulation of patients (e.g. a specific entrance complaint or receiving a specific intervention), or examining only adverse drug events, were excluded. Two independent reviewers assessed study eligibility, completed data extraction, and assessed study quality with the Newcastle Ottawa Scale.Our search identified 11,624 citations. Ten articles, representing eight observational studies, were included. Methodological quality was low to moderate with weaknesses in study group comparability, follow-up, and outcome ascertainment and reporting. There was substantial variation in the proportion of patients with AE related to ED care, ranging from 0.16% (n?=?9308) to 6.0% (n?=?399). Similarly, the reported preventability of AE ranged from 36% (n?=?250) to 71% (n?=?24). The most common types of events were related to management (3 studies), diagnosis (2 studies) and medication (2 studies).The variability in findings and lack of high quality studies on AE in the high risk ED setting highlights the need for research in this area. Further studies with rigorous, standardized outcome assessment and reporting are required.
| S-EPMC3772011 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Unilateral leg swelling with suspicion of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is a common emergency department (ED) presentation. Proximal DVT (thrombus in the popliteal or femoral veins) can usually be diagnosed and treated at the initial ED encounter. When proximal DVT has been ruled out, isolated calf-vein deep venous thrombosis (IC-DVT) often remains a consideration. The current standard for the diagnosis of IC-DVT is whole-leg vascular duplex ultrasonography (WLUS), a test that is unavailable in many hospitals outside normal business hours. When WLUS is not available from the ED, recommendations for managing suspected IC-DVT vary. The objectives of the study is to use current evidence and recommendations to (1) propose a diagnostic algorithm for IC-DVT when definitive testing (WLUS) is unavailable; and (2) summarize the controversy surrounding IC-DVT treatment.The Figure combines D-dimer testing with serial CUS or a single deferred FLUS for the diagnosis of IC-DVT. Such an algorithm has the potential to safely direct the management of suspected IC-DVT when definitive testing is unavailable. Whether or not to treat diagnosed IC-DVT remains widely debated and awaiting further evidence.When IC-DVT is not ruled out in the ED, the suggested algorithm, although not prospectively validated by a controlled study, offers an approach to diagnosis that is consistent with current data and recommendations. When IC-DVT is diagnosed, current references suggest that a decision between anticoagulation and continued follow-up outpatient testing can be based on shared decision-making. The risks of proximal progression and life-threatening embolization should be balanced against the generally more benign natural history of such thrombi, and an individual patient's risk factors for both thrombus propagation and complications of anticoagulation.
| S-EPMC4944794 | biostudies-other
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC2817338 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Study objectivePatients with sickle cell disease (SCD) have many emergency department visits because of painful vaso-occlusive episodes (VOE). Guidelines recommend treatment within 30 minutes of triage, but this is rarely achieved in clinical practice. Our goal was to develop an order set that is being implemented in the ED to facilitate and standardize emergency care for SCD patients in acute pain from VOEs presenting to the emergency department (ED) in New York City (NYC).MethodsUsing a RAND/University of California, Los Angeles modified Delphi panel, we convened a multidisciplinary panel and reviewed evidence on how to best manage SCD pain in the ED. Panelists collaboratively developed then rated 202 items that could be included in an ED order set.ResultsA consensus order set, a practical how-to guide for managing SCD pain in the ED, was developed based on items that received high median ratings.ConclusionsThe management of acute pain experienced during VOEs is critical to patients with SCD; ED order sets, such as this one, can help standardize pain management, including at triage, evaluation, discharge, and follow-up care. After implementation in NYC EDs, studies to examine changes in quality care metrics (eg, wait times, readmissions) are planned.
| S-EPMC8349222 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Purpose of Review:Emergency physicians generally have limited exposure to internationally acquired illnesses. However, travelers can present quite ill, and delays in recognition and treatment can lead to increased morbidity and mortality. This paper aims to summarize typical presentations of common international diseases and provide the emergency physician with a practical approach based on current guidelines. Recent Findings:In the treatment of traveler's diarrhea, azithromycin has become the treatment of choice due to the growing antibiotic resistance. Intravenous artesunate was approved in 2019 under investigational new drug protocol for the treatment of severe malaria, and artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) have become the first-line treatment for most cases of uncomplicated malaria. Since the 2015 outbreak, Zika has become a concern to many travelers, but the current treatment is supportive. Summary:Clinicians should be aware of a few noteworthy updates in the treatment of internationally acquired illnesses, but more importantly, they must recognize warning signs of severe illness and treat promptly. Future research on workup and disposition could help emergency physicians identify which patients need admission in well-appearing febrile travelers.
| S-EPMC7200320 | biostudies-literature