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Interruption of KLF5 acetylation converts its function from tumor suppressor to tumor promoter in prostate cancer cells.

ABSTRACT: KLF5 possesses both tumor suppressing and tumor promoting activities, though the mechanism controlling these opposing functions is unknown. In cultured noncancerous epithelial cells, KLF5 converts from proproliferative to antiproliferative activity upon TGF?-induced acetylation, which sequentially alters the KLF5 transcriptional complex and the expression of genes such as p15 and MYC. In this study, we tested whether the acetylation status of KLF5 also determines its opposing functions in tumorigenesis using the PC-3 and DU 145 prostate cancer cell lines, whose proliferation is inhibited by TGF?. KLF5 inhibited the proliferation of these cancer cells, and the inhibition was dependent on KLF5 acetylation. MYC and p15 showed the same patterns of expression change found in noncancerous cells. In nude mice, KLF5 also suppressed tumor growth in an acetylation-dependent manner. Furthermore, deacetylation switched KLF5 to tumor promoting activity, and blocking TGF? signaling attenuated the tumor suppressor activity of KLF5. RNA sequencing and comprehensive data analysis suggest that multiple molecules, including RELA, p53, CREB1, MYC, JUN, ER, AR and SP1, mediate the opposing functions of AcKLF5 and unAcKLF5. These results provide novel insights into the mechanism by which KLF5 switches from antitumorigenic to protumorigenic function and also suggest the roles of AcKLF5 and unAcKLF5, respectively, in the tumor suppressing and tumor promoting functions of TGF?.

SUBMITTER: Li X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4232457 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Interruption of KLF5 acetylation converts its function from tumor suppressor to tumor promoter in prostate cancer cells.

Li Xin X Zhang Baotong B Wu Qiao Q Ci Xinpei X Zhao Ranran R Zhang Zhiqian Z Xia Siyuan S Su Dan D Chen Jie J Ma Gui G Fu Liya L Dong Jin-Tang JT

International journal of cancer 20140628 3

KLF5 possesses both tumor suppressing and tumor promoting activities, though the mechanism controlling these opposing functions is unknown. In cultured noncancerous epithelial cells, KLF5 converts from proproliferative to antiproliferative activity upon TGFβ-induced acetylation, which sequentially alters the KLF5 transcriptional complex and the expression of genes such as p15 and MYC. In this study, we tested whether the acetylation status of KLF5 also determines its opposing functions in tumori ...[more]

PMID: 24931571

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Project description:BackgroundCastration-resistant prostate cancer often metastasizes to the bone, and such bone metastases eventually become resistant to available therapies, leading to the death of patients. Enriched in the bone, TGF-β plays a pivotal role in bone metastasis development. However, directly targeting TGF-β or its receptors has been challenging for the treatment of bone metastasis. We previously found that TGF-β induces and then depends on the acetylation of transcription factor KLF5 at K369 to regulate multiple biological processes, including the induction of EMT, cellular invasiveness, and bone metastasis. Acetylated KLF5 (Ac-KLF5) and its downstream effectors are thus potential therapeutic targets for treating TGF-β-induced bone metastasis in prostate cancer.MethodsA spheroid invasion assay was applied to prostate cancer cells expressing KLF5K369Q, which mimics Ac-KLF5, to screen 1987 FDA-approved drugs for invasion suppression. Luciferase- and KLF5K369Q-expressing cells were injected into nude mice via the tail artery to model bone metastasis. Bioluminescence imaging, micro-CT), and histological analyses were applied to monitor and evaluate bone metastases. RNA-sequencing, bioinformatic, and biochemical analyses were used to understand nitazoxanide (NTZ)-regulated genes, signaling pathways, and the underlying mechanisms. The binding of NTZ to KLF5 proteins was evaluated using fluorescence titration, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and circular dichroism (CD) analysis.ResultsNTZ, an anthelmintic agent, was identified as a potent invasion inhibitor in the screening and validation assays. In KLF5K369Q-induced bone metastasis, NTZ exerted a potent inhibitory effect in preventive and therapeutic modes. NTZ also inhibited osteoclast differentiation, a cellular process responsible for bone metastasis induced by KLF5K369Q. NTZ attenuated the function of KLF5K369Q in 127 genes' upregulation and 114 genes' downregulation. Some genes' expression changes were significantly associated with worse overall survival in patients with prostate cancer. One such change was the upregulation of MYBL2, which functionally promotes bone metastasis in prostate cancer. Additional analyses demonstrated that NTZ bound to the KLF5 protein, KLF5K369Q bound to the promoter of MYBL2 to activate its transcription, and NTZ attenuated the binding of KLF5K369Q to the MYBL2 promoter.ConclusionsNTZ is a potential therapeutic agent for bone metastasis induced by the TGF-β/Ac-KLF5 signaling axis in prostate cancer and likely other cancers.

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Interruption of KLF5 acetylation converts its function from tumor suppressor to tumor promoter in prostate cancer cells.

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Interruption of KLF5 acetylation converts its function from tumor suppressor to tumor promoter in prostate cancer cells.

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