Dataset Information

Dietary glutamate supplementation ameliorates mycotoxin-induced abnormalities in the intestinal structure and expression of amino acid transporters in young pigs.

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with glutamic acid has beneficial effects on growth performance, antioxidant system, intestinal morphology, serum amino acid profile and the gene expression of intestinal amino acid transporters in growing swine fed mold-contaminated feed. Fifteen pigs (Landrace×Large White) with a mean body weight (BW) of 55 kg were randomly divided into control group (basal feed), mycotoxin group (contaminated feed) and glutamate group (2% glutamate+contaminated feed). Compared with control group, mold-contaminated feed decreased average daily gain (ADG) and increased feed conversion rate (FCR). Meanwhile, fed mold-contaminated feed impaired anti-oxidative system and intestinal morphology, as well as modified the serum amino acid profile in growing pigs. However, supplementation with glutamate exhibited potential positive effects on growth performance of pigs fed mold-contaminated feed, ameliorated the imbalance antioxidant system and abnormalities of intestinal structure caused by mycotoxins. In addition, dietary glutamate supplementation to some extent restored changed serum amino acid profile caused by mold-contaminated feed. In conclusion, glutamic acid may be act as a nutritional regulating factor to ameliorate the adverse effects induced by mycotoxins.

SUBMITTER: Duan J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4236086 | biostudies-literature | 2014

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Dietary glutamate supplementation ameliorates mycotoxin-induced abnormalities in the intestinal structure and expression of amino acid transporters in young pigs.

Duan Jielin J Yin Jie J Wu Miaomiao M Liao Peng P Deng Dun D Liu Gang G Wen Qingqi Q Wang Yongfei Y Qiu Wei W Liu Yan Y Wu Xingli X Ren Wenkai W Tan Bie B Chen Minghong M Xiao Hao H Wu Li L Li Tiejun T Nyachoti Charles M CM Adeola Olayiwola O Yin Yulong Y

PloS one 20141118 11

The purpose of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with glutamic acid has beneficial effects on growth performance, antioxidant system, intestinal morphology, serum amino acid profile and the gene expression of intestinal amino acid transporters in growing swine fed mold-contaminated feed. Fifteen pigs (Landrace×Large White) with a mean body weight (BW) of 55 kg were randomly divided into control group (basal feed), mycotoxin group (contaminated feed) and gl ...[more]

PMID: 25405987

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Project description:Pigs exposed to heat stress (HS) increase body temperature in which can damage the intestinal epithelia and affect the absorption and availability of amino acids (AA). Protein digestion and metabolism further increase body temperature. An experiment was conducted with six pairs of pigs (of 47.3 ± 1.3 kg initial body weight) exposed to natural HS to assess the effect of substituting dietary protein-bound AA by free AA on morphology and gene expression of intestinal epithelial and serum concentration (SC) of free AA. Treatments were: high protein, 21.9% crude protein (CP) diet (HShp) and low protein, 13.5% CP diet supplemented with crystalline Lys, Thr, Met, Trp, His, Ile, Leu, Phe, and Val (HSaa). The HShp diet met or exceeded all AA requirements. The HSaa diet was formulated on the basis of ideal protein. Pigs were fed the same amount at 0700 and 1900 hours during the 21-d study. Blood samples were collected at 1700 hours (2.0 h before the evening meal), 2030 hours, and 2130 hours (1.5 and 2.5 h after the evening meal). At the end, all pigs were sacrificed to collect intestinal mucosa and a 5-cm section from each segment of the small intestine from each pig. Villi measures, expression of AA transporters (y+L and B0) in mucosa, and SC of AA were analyzed. Ambient temperature fluctuated daily from 24.5 to 42.6 °C. Weight gain and G.F were not affected by dietary treatment. Villi height tended to be larger (P ? 0.10) and the villi height:crypt depth ratio was higher in duodenum and jejunum of pigs fed the HSaa diet (P < 0.05). Gene expression of transporter y+L in jejunum tended to be lower (P < 0.10) and transporter B0 in the ileum was lower (P < 0.05) in HSaa pigs. Preprandial (1700 hours) SC of Arg, His, Ile, Leu, Thr, Trp, and Val was higher (P < 0.05), and Phe tended to be higher (P < 0.10) in HShp pigs. At 2030 hours (1.5 h postprandial), serum Lys, Met, and Thr were higher in the HSaa pigs (P < 0.05). At 2130 hours (2.5 h), Arg, His, Ile, Phe, and Trp were lower (P < 0.05); Met was higher (P < 0.05); and Lys tended to be higher (P < 0.10) in HSaa pigs. In conclusion, feeding HS pigs with low protein diets supplemented with free AA reduces the damage of the intestinal epithelia and seems to improve its absorption capacity, in comparison with HS pigs fed diets containing solely protein-bound AA. This information is useful to formulate diets that correct the reduced AA consumption associated with the decreased voluntary feed intake of pigs under HS.

Project description:Different dietary nitrogen (N) patterns may have different effects on gut microbiota. To investigate the effects of different crude protein (CP) levels or essential amino acids (EAA) supplementation patterns on the structure and functions of colonic microbiota, 42 barrows (25 ± 0.39 kg) were randomly assigned to 7 dietary treatments including: diet 1, a high CP diet with balanced 10 EAA; diet 2, a medium CP diet with approximately 2% decreased CP level from diet 1 and balanced 10 EAA; diets 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, low CP diets with 4% decreased CP level from diet 1. Specifically, diet 3 was only balanced for Lys, Met, Thr and Trp; diets 4, 5 and 6 were further supplemented with Ile, Val and Ile + Val on the basis of diet 3, respectively; and diet 7 was balanced for 10 EAA. Results over a 110-d trial showed that reducing the CP level by 2% or 4% dramatically decreased N intake and excretion (P < 0.05) in the presence of balanced 10 EAA, which was not observed when altering the EAA supplementation patterns in low CP diet (-4%). With balanced 10 EAA, 2% reduction in dietary CP significantly reduced Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes (F:B) ratio and significantly elevated the abundance of Prevotellaceae NK3B31 (P < 0.05); whereas 4% reduction evidently increased the abundances of Proteobacteria, Succinivibrio and Lachnospiraceae XPB1014 (P < 0.05). Among the 5 low CP diets (-4%), supplementation with Ile, or Val + Ile, or balanced 10 EAA increased F:B ratio and the abundance of Proteobacteria. In addition, the predicted functions revealed that different CP levels and EAA balanced patterns dramatically altered the mRNA expression profiles of N-metabolizing genes, the "N and energy metabolism" pathways or the metabolism of some small substances, such as amino acids (AA) and vitamins. Our findings suggested that reducing the dietary CP levels by 2% to 4% with balancing 10 EAA, or only further supplementation with Ile or Val + Ile to a low protein diet (-4%) reduced the N contents entering the hindgut to various degrees, altered the abundances of N-metabolizing bacteria, and improved the abilities of N utilization.

Project description:Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) infection is not only a leading cause of poor production performance and compromised animal welfare in broilers but also a potential threat to public health. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplemental vitamin C (VC) on SE challenged-broilers. In experiment 1, one hundred eighty 1-day-old Arbor Acre broilers were randomly allocated into 3 treatments, with 0, 500, or 1,000 mg/kg VC included in the diet. In experiment 2, dietary VC at 0 or 500 mg/kg, with or without SE challenge was applied in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in 6 randomized complete blocks. In experiment 1, addition with 500 mg/kg VC increased BW and infectious bursal disease (IBD) titer of broilers on 35 D (P < 0.05), whereas 1,000 mg/kg VC had no effects on the IBD titer (P > 0.05) compared with the control group. In experiment 2, SE challenge depressed BW on 11 and 21 D (P < 0.05 and P = 0.088, respectively), whereas increased mortality and hepatic bacterial translocation (P < 0.05) on 21 D. Further, SE challenge resulted in lower villus height in jejunum, lower microbial richness, and diversity, whereas higher abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in cecum (P < 0.05). Importantly, supplementation with VC increased BW on both 21 and 35 D (P < 0.05 and P = 0.088, respectively) and enhanced the intestinal health by improving villus morphology and microbial structure as indicated by higher cecal microbial richness and Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio, while lower abundance of Enterobacteriaceae (P < 0.05). In addition, birds fed with 500 mg/kg VC in the diet had significantly increased jejunal secretory immunoglobulin A levels, T lymphocytes stimulation index, and serum total antioxidant capability compared with groups without VC (P < 0.05). In conclusion, SE challenge induced lower production performance and higher mortality in broilers. However, dietary supplementation with VC ameliorated SE-caused damage in broilers by improving the intestinal health, partly mediated by shaping the structure of cecal microbiota.

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Dataset Information

Dietary glutamate supplementation ameliorates mycotoxin-induced abnormalities in the intestinal structure and expression of amino acid transporters in young pigs.

Publications

Dietary glutamate supplementation ameliorates mycotoxin-induced abnormalities in the intestinal structure and expression of amino acid transporters in young pigs.

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