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Wolbachia infections and mitochondrial diversity of two chestnut feeding Cydia species.

ABSTRACT: Cydia splendana and C. fagiglandana are two closely related chestnut feeding lepidopteran moth species. In this study, we surveyed the bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia in these two species. Infection rates were 31% in C. splendana and 77% in C. fagiglandana. MLST analysis showed that these two species are infected with two quite diverse Wolbachia strains. C. splendana with Sequence Type (ST) 409 from the A-supergroup and C. fagiglandana with ST 150 from the B-supergroup. One individual of C. splendana was infected with ST 150, indicating horizontal transfer between these sister species. The mitochondrial DNA of the two Cydia species showed a significantly different mtDNA diversity, which was inversely proportional to their infection rates.

SUBMITTER: Avtzis DN

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4236127 | biostudies-literature | 2014

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Wolbachia infections and mitochondrial diversity of two chestnut feeding Cydia species.

Avtzis Dimitrios N DN Doudoumis Vangelis V Bourtzis Kostas K

PloS one 20141118 11

Cydia splendana and C. fagiglandana are two closely related chestnut feeding lepidopteran moth species. In this study, we surveyed the bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia in these two species. Infection rates were 31% in C. splendana and 77% in C. fagiglandana. MLST analysis showed that these two species are infected with two quite diverse Wolbachia strains. C. splendana with Sequence Type (ST) 409 from the A-supergroup and C. fagiglandana with ST 150 from the B-supergroup. One individual of C. spl ...[more]

PMID: 25405506

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Project description:BackgroundMany species of filarial nematodes depend on Wolbachia endobacteria to carry out their life cycle. Other species are naturally Wolbachia-free. The biological mechanisms underpinning Wolbachia-dependence and independence in filarial nematodes are not known. Previous studies have indicated that Wolbachia have an impact on mitochondrial gene expression, which may suggest a role in energy metabolism. If Wolbachia can supplement host energy metabolism, reduced mitochondrial function in infected filarial species may account for Wolbachia-dependence. Wolbachia also have a strong influence on mitochondrial evolution due to vertical co-transmission. This could drive alterations in mitochondrial genome sequence in infected species. Comparisons between the mitochondrial genome sequences of Wolbachia-dependent and independent filarial worms may reveal differences indicative of altered mitochondrial function.ResultsThe mitochondrial genomes of 5 species of filarial nematodes, Acanthocheilonema viteae, Chandlerella quiscali, Loa loa, Onchocerca flexuosa, and Wuchereria bancrofti, were sequenced, annotated and compared with available mitochondrial genome sequences from Brugia malayi, Dirofilaria immitis, Onchocerca volvulus and Setaria digitata. B. malayi, D. immitis, O. volvulus and W. bancrofti are Wolbachia-dependent while A. viteae, C. quiscali, L. loa, O. flexuosa and S. digitata are Wolbachia-free. The 9 mitochondrial genomes were similar in size and AT content and encoded the same 12 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs and 2 rRNAs. Synteny was perfectly preserved in all species except C. quiscali, which had a different order for 5 tRNA genes. Protein-coding genes were expressed at the RNA level in all examined species. In phylogenetic trees based on mitochondrial protein-coding sequences, species did not cluster according to Wolbachia dependence.ConclusionsThus far, no discernable differences were detected between the mitochondrial genome sequences of Wolbachia-dependent and independent species. Additional research will be needed to determine whether mitochondria from Wolbachia-dependent filarial species show reduced function in comparison to the mitochondria of Wolbachia-independent species despite their sequence-level similarities.

Project description:Pestalotioid fungi have been frequently studied with respect to their morphology, molecular phylogeny, and pathogenicity. Monochaetia is a pestalotioid genus that is morphologically characterized by 5-celled conidia with single apical and basal appendages. In the present study, fungal isolates were obtained from diseased leaves of Fagaceae hosts in China in 2016 to 2021 and identified based on morphology and phylogenetic analyses of the 5.8S nuclear ribosomal DNA gene with the two flanking internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (LSU) region, the translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1) gene, and the β-tubulin (tub2) gene. As a result, five new species are proposed here, namely, Monochaetia hanzhongensis, Monochaetia lithocarpi, Monochaetia lithocarpicola, Monochaetia quercicola, and Monochaetia shaanxiensis. In addition, pathogenicity tests for these five species and Monochaetia castaneae from Castanea mollissima were conducted with detached leaves of Chinese chestnut. Results demonstrated that only M. castaneae successfully infected the host C. mollissima and caused brown lesions. IMPORTANCE Monochaetia is a pestalotioid genus, with members that are commonly known as leaf pathogens or saprobes; some strains were isolated from air, in which case their natural substrate is so far unknown. Fagaceae represents an ecologically and economically important plant family that is widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, including an important tree crop species, Castanea mollissima, which is widely cultivated in China. In the present study, diseased leaves of Fagaceae in China were investigated, and five new Monochaetia species were introduced based on morphology and phylogeny of combined ITS, LSU, tef1, and tub2 loci. Additionally, six species of Monochaetia were inoculated onto healthy leaves of the crop host Castanea mollissima to test their pathogenicity. The present study provides significant data on the species diversity, taxonomy, and host range of Monochaetia and enhances our understanding of leaf diseases of Fagaceae hosts.

Dataset Information

Wolbachia infections and mitochondrial diversity of two chestnut feeding Cydia species.

Publications

Wolbachia infections and mitochondrial diversity of two chestnut feeding Cydia species.

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