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Comparisons with Caenorhabditis (approximately 100 Mb) and Drosophila (approximately 175 Mb) using flow cytometry show genome size in Arabidopsis to be approximately 157 Mb and thus approximately 25% larger than the Arabidopsis genome initiative estimate of approximately 125 Mb.

ABSTRACT: Recent genome sequencing papers have given genome sizes of 180 Mb for Drosophila melanogaster Iso-1 and 125 Mb for Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia. The former agrees with early cytochemical estimates, but numerous cytometric estimates of around 170 Mb imply that a genome size of 125 Mb for arabidopsis is an underestimate. In this study, nuclei of species pairs were compared directly using flow cytometry. Co-run Columbia and Iso-1 female gave a 2C peak for arabidopsis only approx. 15 % below that for drosophila, and 16C endopolyploid Columbia nuclei had approx. 15 % more DNA than 2C chicken nuclei (with >2280 Mb). Caenorhabditis elegans Bristol N2 (genome size approx. 100 Mb) co-run with Columbia or Iso-1 gave a 2C peak for drosophila approx. 75 % above that for 2C C. elegans, and a 2C peak for arabidopsis approx. 57 % above that for C. elegans. This confirms that 1C in drosophila is approx. 175 Mb and, combined with other evidence, leads us to conclude that the genome size of arabidopsis is not approx. 125 Mb, but probably approx. 157 Mb. It is likely that the discrepancy represents extra repeated sequences in unsequenced gaps in heterochromatic regions. Complete sequencing of the arabidopsis genome until no gaps remain at telomeres, nucleolar organizing regions or centromeres is still needed to provide the first precise angiosperm C-value as a benchmark calibration standard for plant genomes, and to ensure that no genes have been missed in arabidopsis, especially in centromeric regions, which are clearly larger than once imagined.

SUBMITTER: Bennett MD

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4242247 | biostudies-literature | 2003 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Comparisons with Caenorhabditis (approximately 100 Mb) and Drosophila (approximately 175 Mb) using flow cytometry show genome size in Arabidopsis to be approximately 157 Mb and thus approximately 25% larger than the Arabidopsis genome initiative estimate of approximately 125 Mb.

Bennett Michael D MD Leitch Ilia J IJ Price H James HJ Johnston J Spencer JS

Annals of botany. 20030401 5

Recent genome sequencing papers have given genome sizes of 180 Mb for Drosophila melanogaster Iso-1 and 125 Mb for Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia. The former agrees with early cytochemical estimates, but numerous cytometric estimates of around 170 Mb imply that a genome size of 125 Mb for arabidopsis is an underestimate. In this study, nuclei of species pairs were compared directly using flow cytometry. Co-run Columbia and Iso-1 female gave a 2C peak for arabidopsis only approx. 15 % below that f ...[more]

PMID: 12646499

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Project description:BackgroundDislocation following total hip replacement (THR) is associated with repeated hospitalisations and substantial costs to the health system. Factors influencing dislocation following primary THR are not well understood. We aimed to assess the associations of patient-, surgery-, implant- and hospital-related factors with dislocation risk following primary THR.MethodsWe did a systematic review and meta-analysis of all longitudinal studies reporting these associations. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library to March 8, 2019. Summary measures of association were calculated using relative risks (RRs) (with 95% confidence intervals, CIs). The review is registered on PROSPERO, number CRD42019121378.FindingsWe identified 149 articles based on 125 unique studies with data on 4 633 935 primary THRs and 35 264 dislocations. The incidence rates of dislocation ranged from 0·12% to 16·13%, with an overall pooled rate of 2·10% (1·83-2·38) over a weighted mean follow-up duration of 6 years. Using median year of data collection, there was a significant decline in dislocation rates from 1971 to 2015. Comparing males vs females, age ≥70 vs <70 years, and high vs low income, RRs (95% CIs) for dislocation were 0·97 (0·88-1·08), 1·27 (1·02-1·57), and 0·79 (0·74-0·85) respectively. White ethnicity, drug use disorder, and social deprivation were each associated with an increased dislocation risk. Comparing body mass index (BMI) ≥30 vs. <30 kg/m2, the RR (95% CI) for dislocation was 1·38 (1·03-1·85). Medical and surgical history-related factors associated with dislocation risk included neurological disorder, psychiatric disease, comorbidity indices, previous surgery including spinal fusion, and surgical indications including avascular necrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory arthritis, and osteonecrosis. Surgical factors such as the anterolateral, direct anterior, or lateral approach and posterior with short external rotator and capsule repair were each associated with reduced dislocation risk. At the implant level, larger femoral head diameters, elevated acetabular liners, dual mobility cups, cemented fixations and standard femoral neck lengths reduced the risk of dislocation. Hospital-related factors such as experienced surgeons and high surgeon procedure volume each reduced the risk of dislocation.InterpretationDislocation following primary THR is on a temporal decline. Surgical approaches that reduce dislocation risk can be used by clinicians when performing primary THR. Alternative bearings such as dual mobility can be used in individuals at high risk of dislocation. Modifiable risk factors such as high BMI and comorbidities may be amenable to optimisation prior to surgery.FundingNational Institute for Health Research.

Dataset Information

Comparisons with Caenorhabditis (approximately 100 Mb) and Drosophila (approximately 175 Mb) using flow cytometry show genome size in Arabidopsis to be approximately 157 Mb and thus approximately 25% larger than the Arabidopsis genome initiative estimate of approximately 125 Mb.

Publications

Comparisons with Caenorhabditis (approximately 100 Mb) and Drosophila (approximately 175 Mb) using flow cytometry show genome size in Arabidopsis to be approximately 157 Mb and thus approximately 25% larger than the Arabidopsis genome initiative estimate of approximately 125 Mb.

Similar Datasets

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