Dataset Information

Extracellular vesicles release by cardiac telocytes: electron microscopy and electron tomography.

ABSTRACT: Telocytes have been reported to play an important role in long-distance heterocellular communication in normal and diseased heart, both through direct contact (atypical junctions), as well as by releasing extracellular vesicles (EVs) which may act as paracrine mediators. Exosomes and ectosomes are the two main types of EVs, as classified by size and the mechanism of biogenesis. Using electron microscopy (EM) and electron tomography (ET) we have found that telocytes in culture release at least three types of EVs: exosomes (released from endosomes; 45 ± 8 nm), ectosomes (which bud directly from the plasma membrane; 128 ± 28 nm) and multivesicular cargos (MVC; 1 ± 0.4 μm), the latter containing tightly packaged endomembrane-bound vesicles (145 ± 35 nm). Electron tomography revealed that endomembrane vesicles are released into the extracellular space as a cargo enclosed by plasma membranes (estimated area of up to 3 μm(2)). This new type of EV, also released by telocytes in tissue, likely represents an essential component in the paracrine secretion of telocytes and may consequently be directly involved in heart physiology and regeneration.

SUBMITTER: Fertig ET

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4244009 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Extracellular vesicles release by cardiac telocytes: electron microscopy and electron tomography.

Fertig Emanuel T ET Gherghiceanu Mihaela M Popescu Laurentiu M LM

Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 20140925 10

Telocytes have been reported to play an important role in long-distance heterocellular communication in normal and diseased heart, both through direct contact (atypical junctions), as well as by releasing extracellular vesicles (EVs) which may act as paracrine mediators. Exosomes and ectosomes are the two main types of EVs, as classified by size and the mechanism of biogenesis. Using electron microscopy (EM) and electron tomography (ET) we have found that telocytes in culture release at least th ...[more]

PMID: 25257228

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Project description:Seminal plasma (SP) is rich in extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are still poorly studied, especially in livestock species. To better understand their functional role in both spermatozoa and endometrial epithelial cells, proper characterization of EVs is an essential step. The objective was to phenotypically characterize porcine seminal EVs (sEVs) using cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM), which allows visualization of EVs in their native state. Porcine ejaculates are released in fractions, each containing SP from different source. This allows characterization sEVs released from various male reproductive tissues. Two experiments were performed, the first with SP from the entire ejaculate (n:6) and the second with SP from three ejaculate fractions (n:15): the first 10 mL of the sperm-rich ejaculate fraction (SRF-P1) with SP mainly from the epididymis, the remainder of the SRF (SRF-P2) with SP mainly from the prostate, and the post-SRF with SP mainly from the seminal vesicles. The sEVs were isolated by size exclusion chromatography and 1840 cryo-EM sEV images were acquired using a Jeol-JEM-2200FS/CR-EM. The size, electron density, complexity, and peripheral corona layer were measured in each sEV using the ImageJ software. The first experiment showed that sEVs were structurally and morphologically heterogeneous, although most (83.1%) were small (less than 200 nm), rounded, and poorly electrodense, and some have a peripheral coronal layer. There were also larger sEVs (16.9%) that were irregularly shaped, more electrodense, and few with a peripheral coronal layer. The second experiment showed that small sEVs were more common in SRF-P1 and SRF-P2, indicating that they originated mainly from the epididymis and prostate. Large sEVs were more abundant in post-SRF, indicating that they originated mainly from seminal vesicles. Porcine sEVs are structurally and morphologically heterogeneous. This would be explained by the diversity of reproductive organs of origin.

Dataset Information

Extracellular vesicles release by cardiac telocytes: electron microscopy and electron tomography.

Publications

Extracellular vesicles release by cardiac telocytes: electron microscopy and electron tomography.

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