Emotional disorders and smoking: relations to quit attempts and cessation strategies among treatment-seeking smokers.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Zvolensky MJ
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4250305 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Jan
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Emotional disorders and smoking: relations to quit attempts and cessation strategies among treatment-seeking smokers.
Zvolensky Michael J MJ Farris Samantha G SG Leventhal Adam M AM Ditre Joseph W JW Schmidt Norman B NB
Addictive behaviors 20140906
The cross-sectional associations between lifetime emotional disorder status (anxiety/depressive disorders) among smokers in relation to historical quit processes were examined. Adult treatment-seeking daily cigarette smokers (n=472) received structured psychiatric interviews and completed a survey that included in-depth questions on cessation history. Having a lifetime emotional disorder was significantly associated with a greater number of prior quit attempts and cessation strategies used, incl ...[more]
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Project description:IntroductionIt has been argued that as smoking prevalence declines, the remaining smokers represent a "hard core" who are unwilling or unable to quit, a process known as hardening. However, as recently shown, the general smoking population is softening not hardening (i.e., as prevalence falls, more quit attempts and lower consumption among continuing smokers). People with psychological distress smoke more, so they may represent hard-core smokers.MethodsUsing cross-sectional time series analysis, in 2016-2017 changes in quit attempts and cigarette consumption were evaluated over 19 years among smokers with serious psychological distress (Kessler-6 score ≥13) based on the National Health Interview Survey (1997-2015), controlling for sociodemographic variables.ResultsPeople with psychological distress had higher smoking prevalence and consumed more cigarettes/day than people without distress. The percentage of those with at least one quit attempt was higher among those with psychological distress. The increase in quit attempts over time was similar among smokers in each of the distress levels. For every 10 years, the OR of a quit attempt increased by a factor of 1.13 (95% CI=1.02, 1.24, p<0.05). Consumption declined by 3.35 (95% CI= -3.94, -2.75, p<0.01) cigarettes/day for those with serious psychological distress.ConclusionsAlthough smoking more heavily than the general population, smokers with psychological distress, like the general population, are softening over time. To improve health outcomes and increase health equity, tobacco control policies should continue moving all subgroups of smokers down these softening curves, while simultaneously incorporating appropriately tailored quitting help into mental health settings.
| S-EPMC5696017 | biostudies-literature