Dataset Information

Associations between red cell polymorphisms and Plasmodium falciparum infection in the middle belt of Ghana.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Red blood cell (RBC) polymorphisms are common in malaria endemic regions and are known to protect against severe forms of the disease. Therefore, it is important to screen for these polymorphisms in drugs or vaccines efficacy trials. This study was undertaken to evaluate associations between clinical malaria and RBC polymorphisms to assess biological interactions that may be necessary for consideration when designing clinical trials.

Method

In a cross-sectional study of 341 febrile children less than five years of age, associations between clinical malaria and common RBC polymorphisms including the sickle cell gene and G6PD deficiency was evaluated between November 2008 and June 2009 in the middle belt of Ghana, Kintampo. G6PD deficiency was determined by quantitative methods whiles haemoglobin variants were determined by haemoglobin titan gel electrophoresis. Blood smears were stained with Giemsa and parasite densities were determined microscopically.

Results

The prevalence of clinical malarial among the enrolled children was 31.9%. The frequency of G6PD deficiency was 19.0% and that for the haemoglobin variants were 74.7%, 14.7%, 9.1%, 0.9% respectively for HbAA, HbAC, HbAS and HbSS. In Multivariate regression analysis, children with the HbAS genotype had 79% lower risk of malaria infection compared to those with the HbAA genotypes (OR?=?0.21, 95% CI: 0.06-0.73, p?=?0.01). HbAC genotype was not significantly associated with malaria infection relative to the HbAA genotype (OR?=?0.70, 95% CI: 0.35-1.42, p?=?0.33). G6PD deficient subgroup had a marginally increased risk of malaria infection compared to the G6PD normal subgroup (OR?=?1.76, 95% CI: 0.98-3.16, p?=?0.06).

Conclusion

These results confirm previous findings showing a protective effect of sickle cell trait on clinical malaria infection. However, G6PD deficiency was associated with a marginal increase in susceptibility to clinical malaria compared to children without G6PD deficiency.

SUBMITTER: Amoako N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4254276 | biostudies-literature | 2014

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Associations between red cell polymorphisms and Plasmodium falciparum infection in the middle belt of Ghana.

Amoako Nicholas N Asante Kwaku Poku KP Adjei George G Awandare Gordon A GA Bimi Langbong L Owusu-Agyei Seth S

PloS one 20141203 12

<h4>Background</h4>Red blood cell (RBC) polymorphisms are common in malaria endemic regions and are known to protect against severe forms of the disease. Therefore, it is important to screen for these polymorphisms in drugs or vaccines efficacy trials. This study was undertaken to evaluate associations between clinical malaria and RBC polymorphisms to assess biological interactions that may be necessary for consideration when designing clinical trials.<h4>Method</h4>In a cross-sectional study of ...[more]

PMID: 25470251

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Project description:Helminths are among the most widespread infectious agents prevalent in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the developing world defined by inadequate sanitation, poverty and unsafe water sources. This study was carried out to describe the distribution of helminth and malaria parasite infections in the middle-belt of Ghana in sub-Saharan Africa where disease burden, including anaemia is rife and helminths are perceived to be significant contributors of the burden.A cross-sectional survey involving 1826 residents located in the middle belt of Ghana where no or very little previous community-based helminth work had been carried out. The participants randomly recruited at household level provided biological samples collected over a 12-month period following a rigorous consenting process and these were analysed to describe the different types and seasonal distribution of helminths.Overall, 19.3% intestinal helminth infection prevalence was documented. Also based on parasites targeted for elimination, 12.1% Hookworm, 4.0% Hymenolepis nana/Hymenolepis dimunita, 1.5% Ascaris lumbricoides, 1.5% Taenia species, 0.9% Strongyloides stercoralis and 0.8% Trichuris trichiura, with about 1.0% polyphelminthiasis were recorded in the survey. About 55.4% and 44.4% of the participants had heavy hookworm and Trichuris infections respectively. Most of the Ascariasis (83.3%) infections were light in intensity. Hookworm infection was identified with significant odds considering decreasing age (OR?=?2.09, p?=?0.03), inappropriate footwear use (OR?=?1.88, p?=?0.021), malaria parasite co-infection (OR?=?1.62, p?=?0.018), not scrubbing nails during hand washing (OR?=?0.68, p?=?0.048), source of drinking water (OR?=?2.51, p?=?0.027) and religion (OR?=?4.36, p?=?0.002).Hookworm infection was significantly higher in younger age groups and among those who did not have safe drinking water. Proper sanitation, protective footwear, religion and good personal hygiene practices were found to influence helminth and hookworm prevalence in the area. Malaria parasite coinfection with helminths, especially hookworm infections increased 2-fold.

Project description:BackgroundEndemic Burkitt lymphoma (eBL) is an aggressive childhood B-cell lymphoma linked to Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. We investigated antibody reactivity to several human receptor-binding domains of the Pf erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) that play a key role in malaria pathogenesis and are targets of acquired immunity to malaria.MethodsSerum/plasma IgG antibody reactivity was measured to 22 Pf antigens, including 18 to PfEMP1 CIDR domains between cases and controls from two populations (149 eBL cases and 150 controls from Ghana and 194 eBL cases and 600 controls from Uganda). Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for case-control associations were estimated by logistic regression.FindingsThere was stronger reactivity to the severe malaria associated CIDRα1 domains than other CIDR domains both in cases and controls. eBL cases reacted to fewer antigens than controls (Ghana: p = 0·001; Uganda: p = 0·03), with statistically significant lower ORs associated with reactivity to 13+ antigens in Ghana (aOR 0·39, 95% CI 0·24-0·63; pheterogeneity = 0·00011) and Uganda (aOR 0·60, 95% CI 0.41-0·88; pheterogeneity = 0·008). eBL was inversely associated with reactivity, coded as quartiles, to group A variant CIDRδ1 (ptrend = 0·035) in Ghana and group B CD36-binding variants CIDRα2·2 (ptrend = 0·006) and CIDRα2·4 (ptrend = 0·033) in Uganda, and positively associated with reactivity to SERA5 in Ghana (ptrend = 0·017) and Uganda (ptrend = 0·007) and group A CIDRα1·5 variant in Uganda only (ptrend = 0·034).InterpretationeBL cases reacted to fewer antigens than controls using samples from two populations, Ghana and Uganda. Attenuated humoral immunity to Pf EMP1 may contribute to susceptibility to low-grade malaria and eBL risk.FundingIntramural Research Program, National Cancer Institute and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services.

Dataset Information

Associations between red cell polymorphisms and Plasmodium falciparum infection in the middle belt of Ghana.

Background

Method

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Associations between red cell polymorphisms and Plasmodium falciparum infection in the middle belt of Ghana.

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