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Towards scalable nano-engineering of graphene.

ABSTRACT: By merging bottom-up and top-down strategies we tailor graphene's electronic properties within nanometer accuracy, which opens up the possibility to design optical and plasmonic circuitries at will. In a first step, graphene electronic properties are macroscopically modified exploiting the periodic potential generated by the self assembly of metal cluster superlattices on a graphene/Ir(111) surface. We then demonstrate that individual metal clusters can be selectively removed by a STM tip with perfect reproducibility and that the structures so created are stable even at room temperature. This enables one to nanopattern circuits down to the 2.5 nm only limited by the periodicity of the Moiré-pattern, i.e., by the distance between neighbouring clusters, and different electronic and optical properties should prevail in the covered and uncovered regions. The method can be carried out on micro-meter-sized regions with clusters of different materials permitting to tune the strength of the periodic potential.

SUBMITTER: Martinez-Galera AJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4255185 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Towards scalable nano-engineering of graphene.

Martínez-Galera A J AJ Brihuega I I Gutiérrez-Rubio A A Stauber T T Gómez-Rodríguez J M JM

Scientific reports 20141204

By merging bottom-up and top-down strategies we tailor graphene's electronic properties within nanometer accuracy, which opens up the possibility to design optical and plasmonic circuitries at will. In a first step, graphene electronic properties are macroscopically modified exploiting the periodic potential generated by the self assembly of metal cluster superlattices on a graphene/Ir(111) surface. We then demonstrate that individual metal clusters can be selectively removed by a STM tip with p ...[more]

PMID: 25472802

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Project description:Affordable and high-performing sensing platforms are becoming increasingly critical for sustainable environmental monitoring and medical diagnostics. Such miniaturized and point-of-care sensing platforms need to overcome the fundamental tradeoff between ultrahigh sensitivity and specificity while retaining the dynamic concentration range and robustness of operation. Therefore, designing scalable and robust sensors poses an escalating and immediate demand in a rapidly automated society. Addressing this demand, we demonstrate a cable-type electrochemical sensing platform exhibiting rapid (10 s), extremely reliable (RSD <5%) and ultrahigh sensitivity (ppb levels) towards K+, Cd2+ and Hg2+ found in complex biofluids such as human perspiration and effluent water. The sensor delivers quantifiable performance even with 10 μL of analyte without any requirement of purification or preconcentration and thereby overcomes an important bottleneck for on-field diagnostics. The backbone of the sensor consists of single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that are conformally coated on affordable cellulose yarns to form ideally non-Faradaic, electrically conductive, capacitive electrodes (CNT-thread). Subsequent coaxial coating of such CNT-threads with an appropriate ionophore membrane (IM) realizes the working electrode exhibiting uniformity in the surface coverage of the ionophore leading to reliable and directly quantifiable signals. Furthermore, we show that the extensive CNT-thread-IM interface is critical to achieve ultrahigh sensitivity and robust operability. Importantly, the design approach adopted is universal and scalable for a range of cations such as K+, Hg2+ and Cd2+. Thus, the sensor delivers ultrasensitive detection of K+ from very low volumes (10 μL) of human perspiration that contains a wide range of other ions (Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Fe2+, NO3 -, Cl-) at 1000-fold higher ionic strength along with bioinorganic suspended matter (dead cells, organelles). This eliminates any sample treatment or preconcentration requirements thereby overcoming a major obstacle for point-of-care applications. Furthermore, both multicomponent and multivariate analyses are demonstrated with the sensing device targeting portable and wearable applications.

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Towards scalable nano-engineering of graphene.

Publications

Towards scalable nano-engineering of graphene.

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