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Pyrosequencing reveals regional differences in fruit-associated fungal communities.

ABSTRACT: We know relatively little of the distribution of microbial communities generally. Significant work has examined a range of bacterial communities, but the distribution of microbial eukaryotes is less well characterized. Humans have an ancient association with grape vines (Vitis vinifera) and have been making wine since the dawn of civilization, and fungi drive this natural process. While the molecular biology of certain fungi naturally associated with vines and wines is well characterized, complementary investigations into the ecology of fungi associated with fruiting plants is largely lacking. DNA sequencing technologies allow the direct estimation of microbial diversity from a given sample, avoiding culture-based biases. Here, we use deep community pyrosequencing approaches, targeted at the 26S rRNA gene, to examine the richness and composition of fungal communities associated with grapevines and test for geographical community structure among four major regions in New Zealand (NZ). We find over 200 taxa using this approach, which is 10-fold more than previously recovered using culture-based methods. Our analyses allow us to reject the null hypothesis of homogeneity in fungal species richness and community composition across NZ and reveal significant differences between major areas.

SUBMITTER: Taylor MW

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4257574 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Pyrosequencing reveals regional differences in fruit-associated fungal communities.

Taylor Michael W MW Tsai Peter P Anfang Nicole N Ross Howard A HA Goddard Matthew R MR

Environmental microbiology 20140422 9

We know relatively little of the distribution of microbial communities generally. Significant work has examined a range of bacterial communities, but the distribution of microbial eukaryotes is less well characterized. Humans have an ancient association with grape vines (Vitis vinifera) and have been making wine since the dawn of civilization, and fungi drive this natural process. While the molecular biology of certain fungi naturally associated with vines and wines is well characterized, comple ...[more]

PMID: 24650123

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Project description:BackgroundThe mammalian brain is organized into regions with specific biological functions and properties. These regions have distinct transcriptomes, but little is known whether they may also differ in their metabolome. The metabolome, a collection of small molecules or metabolites, is at the intersection of the genetic background of a given cell or tissue and the environmental influences that affect it. Thus, the metabolome directly reflects information about the physiologic state of a biological system under a particular condition. The objective of this study was to investigate whether various brain regions have diverse metabolome profiles, similarly to their genetic diversity. The answer to this question would suggest that not only the genome but also the metabolome may contribute to the functional diversity of brain regions.MethodsWe investigated the metabolome of four regions of the mouse brain that have very distinct functions: frontal cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, and olfactory bulb. We utilized gas- and liquid- chromatography mass spectrometry platforms and identified 215 metabolites.ResultsPrincipal component analysis, an unsupervised multivariate analysis, clustered each brain region based on its metabolome content, thus providing the unique metabolic profile of each region. A pathway-centric analysis indicated that olfactory bulb and cerebellum had most distinct metabolic profiles, while the cortical parenchyma and hippocampus were more similar in their metabolome content. Among the notable differences were distinct oxidative-anti-oxidative status and region-specific lipid profiles. Finally, a global metabolic connectivity analysis using the weighted correlation network analysis identified five hub metabolites that organized a unique metabolic network architecture within each examined brain region. These data indicate the diversity of global metabolome corresponding to specialized regional brain function and provide a new perspective on the underlying properties of brain regions.ConclusionIn summary, we observed many differences in the metabolome among the various brain regions investigated. All four brain regions in our study had a unique metabolic signature, but the metabolites came from all categories and were not pathway-centric.

Dataset Information

Pyrosequencing reveals regional differences in fruit-associated fungal communities.

Publications

Pyrosequencing reveals regional differences in fruit-associated fungal communities.

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