Dataset Information

Adenovirus 36 attenuates weight loss from exercise but improves glycemic control by increasing mitochondrial activity in the liver.

ABSTRACT: Human adenovirus type 36 (Ad36) as an obesity agent induces adiposity by increasing glucose uptake and promoting chronic inflammation in fat tissues; in contrast, exercise reduces total body fat and inflammation. Our objective was to determine the association between Ad36 and the effects of exercise on inflammation and glycemic control. In the human trials (n = 54), Korean children (aged 12-14 years) exercised for 60 min on three occasions each week for 2 months. We compared the body mass index (BMI) Z-scores before and after exercise. C57BL/6 mice were infected with Ad36 and Ad2 as a control, and these mice exercised for 12 weeks postinfection. After the exercise period, we determined the serum parameters and assessed the presence of inflammation and the mitochondrial function in the organs. Ad36-seropositive children who were subjected to a supervised exercise regimen had high BMI Z-scores whereas Ad36-seronegative children had lower scores. Similarly, Ad36-infected mice were resistant to weight loss and exhibited chronic inflammation of their adipose tissues despite frequent exercise. However, Ad36 combined with exercise reduced the levels of serum glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, total cholesterol, and insulin in virus-infected mice. Interestingly, virus infection increased the mitochondrial function in the liver, as demonstrated by the numbers of mitochondria, cytochrome c oxidase activity, and transcription of key mitochondrial genes. Therefore Ad36 counteracts the weight-loss effect of exercise and maintains the chronic inflammatory state, but glycemic control is improved by exercise synergistically because of increased mitochondrial activity in the liver.

SUBMITTER: Na HN

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4257667 | biostudies-literature | 2014

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Adenovirus 36 attenuates weight loss from exercise but improves glycemic control by increasing mitochondrial activity in the liver.

Na Ha-Na HN Hong Young-Mi YM Ye Michael B MB Park Sooho S Kim In-Beom IB Nam Jae-Hwan JH

PloS one 20141205 12

Human adenovirus type 36 (Ad36) as an obesity agent induces adiposity by increasing glucose uptake and promoting chronic inflammation in fat tissues; in contrast, exercise reduces total body fat and inflammation. Our objective was to determine the association between Ad36 and the effects of exercise on inflammation and glycemic control. In the human trials (n = 54), Korean children (aged 12-14 years) exercised for 60 min on three occasions each week for 2 months. We compared the body mass index ...[more]

PMID: 25479564

Similar Datasets

Project description:Background & aimsA weight-loss-independent beneficial effect of exercise on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) management has been reported, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. To help determine this mechanism, the effects of exercise on individual tissues (liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle) were retrospectively studied.MethodsData from Japanese obese men with NAFLD in a 3-month exercise regimen were analysed and compared with those in a 3-month dietary restriction program designed to achieve weight loss. The underlying mechanism was studied in a smaller subcohort.ResultsIndependent of the effect of weight loss, the exercise regimen reduced liver steatosis by 9.5% and liver stiffness by 6.8% per 1% weight loss, and resulted in a 16.4% reduction in FibroScan-AST score. Improvements in these hepatic parameters were closely associated with anthropometric changes (reduction in adipose tissue and preservation of muscle mass), increases in muscle strength (+11.6%), reductions in inflammation and oxidative stress (ferritin: -22.3% and thiobarbituric acid: -12.3%), and changes in organokine concentrations (selenoprotein-P: -11.2%, follistatin: +17.1%, adiponectin: +8.9%, and myostatin: -21.6%) during the exercise regimen. Moreover, the expression of target genes of the transcription factor Nrf2, an oxidative stress sensor, was higher in monocytes, suggesting that Nrf2 is activated. Large amounts of high-intensity exercise were effective at further reducing liver steatosis and potentiating improvements in pathophysiological parameters (liver enzyme activities and organokine profiles).ConclusionsThe weight-loss-independent benefits of exercise include anti-steatotic and anti-stiffness effects in the livers of patients with NAFLD. These benefits seem to be acquired through the modification of inter-organ crosstalk, which is characterised by improvements in organokine imbalance and reductions in inflammation and oxidative stress.Lay summaryWe investigated the effects of exercise on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that were not related to weight loss. We found that exercise had considerable weight-loss-independent benefits for the liver through a number of mechanisms. This suggests that exercise is important for NAFLD patients, regardless of whether they lose weight.

Project description:BackgroundWeight-loss-induced fat loss improves cardiometabolic health in individuals with overweight and obesity; however, weight loss can also result in bone loss and increased fracture risk. Weight-loss-induced bone loss may be attenuated with exercise. Our aim was to compare changes in bone mineral density (BMD) in adults with overweight and obesity who undertook diet-induced weight loss alone or in combination with exercise.MethodsWe included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults with overweight or obesity (aged ≥18 years; body mass index ≥25 kg/m2) that prescribed diet-induced weight loss alone or in combination with supervised exercise, and measured any bone structural parameters. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Random-effects meta-analyses determined mean changes and net mean differences (95% confidence intervals (95%CIs)) in the percentage of areal BMD (aBMD) change between groups.ResultsWe included 9 RCTs. Diet-induced weight loss led to significant losses in femoral neck aBMD (mean change: -1.73% (95%CI: -2.39% to -1.07%), p < 0.001) and total hip aBMD (-2.19% (95%CI: -3.84% to -0.54%), p = 0.009). Femoral neck aBMD losses were significantly greater in the diet-induced weight loss group compared to the exercise plus diet-induced weight loss group (net difference: -0.88% (95%CI: -1.73% to -0.03%)); however, there were no differences in aBMD changes at any other skeletal site: total hip (-1.96% (95%CI: -4.59% to 0.68%)) and lumbar spine (-0.48% (95%CI: -1.81% to 0.86%)). aBMD changes did not differ significantly according to exercise modality (resistance exercise, aerobic exercise, or a combination of the two) during diet-induced weight loss.ConclusionDiet-induced weight loss led to greater femoral neck bone loss compared to diet-induced weight loss plus exercise. Bone loss at the total hip and lumbar spine was not attenuated by exercise during diet-induced weight loss. The lack of consistent skeletal benefits may be due to the insufficient duration and/or training intensities of most exercise interventions. Additional RCTs with appropriate, targeted exercise interventions should be conducted.

Dataset Information

Adenovirus 36 attenuates weight loss from exercise but improves glycemic control by increasing mitochondrial activity in the liver.

Publications

Adenovirus 36 attenuates weight loss from exercise but improves glycemic control by increasing mitochondrial activity in the liver.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets