The first cataract surgeons in Anglo-America.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Leffler CT
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4262555 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Jan-Feb
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
The first cataract surgeons in Anglo-America.
Leffler Christopher T CT Schwartz Stephen G SG Grzybowski Andrzej A Braich Puneet S PS
Survey of ophthalmology 20140820 1
We tried to identify the earliest cataract surgeons in the English-speaking areas of America. In 1751, couching was performed on the Caribbean island of Montserrat by John Morphy. William Stork of England, who couched cataracts, practiced in Jamaica in 1760 and then in cities from Annapolis to Boston between 1761 and 1764. Frederick William Jericho of Germany, upon completion of his training at Utrecht, published his 1767 treatise on his preferred surgical technique of extracapsular cataract ext ...[more]
Similar Datasets
Project description:ObjectiveTo study the patterns of usage and perception among U.S. oculoplastic surgeons regarding surgical loupes.MethodsAn anonymous 20-question survey was emailed out to the American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery listserv. Data were compiled in Google Forms. SPSS was used for statistical analyses. This study was approved by the institutional review board.ResultsOf the 609 members contacted, 239 (39%) completed the survey; 95% of respondents owned loupes and 78% regularly used them. No association was observed between frequency of loupe usage and sex or years in practice. The most common magnification and brand were 2.5× and Designs for Vision, respectively. The most common problems associated with loupes were limited vision (33%) and lack of comfort (24%), with 11% citing neck and cervical spinal disorders. The most common benefits were magnification (93%) and increased visual accuracy (68%). Of the respondents, 56% believed improved patient care to be a benefit and 76% believed that loupes enhance surgical outcome. With regard to training, 67% supported incorporating loupes into residency, 35% believed in mandating loupe purchase, and 25% wanted residencies to provide loupes at no cost. Respondent support for the use of loupes in practice and training was directly correlated with how frequently they used loupes.ConclusionsThe vast majority of respondents owned loupes. Although most loupe owners used loupes regularly, a sizable proportion operated with limited vision and lack of comfort. Overall, just over half of respondents believed that loupes improve patient care and should be integrated into residency.
| S-EPMC7605496 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Study designCross-sectional study.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak in spine surgeons in Latin America.MethodsA questionnaire was sent to Latin American spine surgeons from April 4 to 6, 2020. Surgeon characteristics were recorded. The impact of COVID-19 on economic well-being, work, and mental health were also determined. All variables were compared and analyzed.ResultsTwo hundred four surgeons answered the complete survey; most of them were male (96.6%), the average age was 47.7 years; 58.8% (n = 120) were orthopedic surgeons and 41.2% (n = 84) were neurosurgeons. The majority of the respondents were from Argentina (59.8%, n = 122), followed by Brazil (17.2%, n = 35), Chile (6.4%, n = 13), and Mexico (5.9%, n = 12). Most of the surgeons reported performing emergency procedures only during the pandemic (76.5%, n = 156). Half used telemedicine or online consultation modalities (54.4%, n = 111). The average concern about the financial situation due to the pandemic was 7.53 in a scale of 1 to 10 (10 being the worst scenario). Twenty-two percent (n = 45) of the surgeons had a score over 10 in the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9; scores higher than 10 needs referral to confirm depression diagnosis). Young age and neurosurgery as a specialty were associated with higher PHQ-9 scores.ConclusionsCOVID-19 has an impact in the daily working practice and financial situation of spine surgeons in Latin America. The long-term psychological impact should be taken into consideration to avoid a heavier burden for health care providers.
| S-EPMC8258821 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeTo present the technique and outcomes of a modified manual small incision cataract surgery designed for the phacoemulsification surgeons who are learning to perform manual small incision cataract surgery.MethodsThis was a retrospective, single-centred, comparative study. We included all the patients who underwent the modified manual small incision cataract surgery for visually significant cataract at Singapore National Eye Centre. All surgeries were performed by either a senior phaco-trained surgeon (M.A.) who had performed more than 500 manual small incision cataract surgery or a junior phaco-trained surgeon (D.C.) who had performed around 500 phacoemulsification but never performed any manual small incision cataract surgery. The main modification of this technique lies in the creation of an additional phaco-like main wound at 90° to the scleral tunnel wound, with most surgical steps performed through this additional wound. The outcomes were analysed and compared between the senior and junior surgeons. The main outcome measures were visual outcome and major intraoperative complications such as posterior capsular rupture and zonular dialysis.ResultsA total of 132 cases were included; 102 (77.3%) and 30 (22.7%) cases were performed by the senior and junior surgeons, respectively. Pre-operatively, 85.6% eyes had best-corrected visual acuity of counting fingers or worse. Postoperatively, the visual outcome at 1 month was similar between the senior and junior surgeons, with 68.7% eyes achieving a best-corrected visual acuity of ⩾6/12 (p = 0.17). No posterior capsular rupture, zonular dialysis or endophthalmitis was observed during the study period.ConclusionsThis modified technique may serve as a useful transition technique for the phaco-trained surgeons to develop skills in manual small incision cataract surgery, with demonstrable good visual outcome and safety.
| S-EPMC7727050 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeTo compare the surgical duration for routine phacoemulsification surgeries in residents with and without virtual simulator training.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of operative times of routine phacoemulsification cataract surgeries performed by 29 different third-year residents rotating at one academic institution. One group underwent mandatory virtual cataract surgery simulator training (SIM) in their second year of residency before starting surgeries while the other group did not undergo any simulator training (NOSIM). Outcomes measured were comparative surgical times and vitreous loss rates between groups in their third year of residency.Results722 surgeries were included. Surgeries in the SIM group were on average 6.7 min (min) shorter compared to the NOSIM group (P = 0.0001). Although both groups required less time for surgery over the course of the academic year, regression analysis showed that NOSIM group residents overall required 17% longer time for an uncomplicated clear corneal phacoemulsification surgery (incidence rate ratio 1.17; p = 0.0001). In the final month of their residency residents in the SIM group (32.2 ± 3 min) were 9 min faster than NOSIM peers (41.2 ± 3 min mean ± SE; p = 0.02). Vitreous loss rates were 1.4% in the SIM group and 3.6% in the NOSIM group (p = 0.06).Conclusion and importanceEarly and continuous implementation of mandatory virtual simulator surgical training before starting intraocular surgeries significantly decreases operative times in third year residents learning phacoemulsification compared to non-simulator trained peers.
| S-EPMC6926105 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Prior structural studies of posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC) development in Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats suggest that migration of basal fiber ends was disrupted, ultimately resulting in a PSC. Therefore the goal of this study was to assess the overall migration patterns as well as changes to the structure and cytoskeleton of basal fiber ends during PSC development.Lenses from 48 RCS dystrophic rats (RCS/Lav) and 24 genetically matched control animals (RCS-rdy(+)/Lav) from 2 to 8 weeks old were examined. Equatorial diameters were measured and suture patterns were photographed immediately following enucleation/dissection. Right eye lenses were fixed and processed to visualize the actin cytoskeleton via laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), left eye lenses were decapsulated, fixed and processed for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Scaled 3D-computer assisted drawings (CADs) and animations were constructed from the data to depict the changes in suture patterns and fiber end architecture.At 2 weeks, dystrophic lenses displayed an inverted Y suture on the posterior, and by 3 weeks most lenses had at least one sub-branch. Additional sub-branches were observed with time, opacities being visible as early as 4 weeks and progressing into PSC plaques by 6 weeks. Control lenses displayed inverted Y sutures at all ages and were transparent. SEM of dystrophic lenses revealed fiber ends with normal size, shape, arrangement, and filopodia at 2 weeks; scattered areas of dome-shaped fiber ends and small filopodia were present at 3 weeks. At 4 weeks the irregularly arranged domed fiber ends had extremely long filopodia with 'boutons' at their tips. By 6 weeks all fiber ends within plaques displayed rounded or domed basal membranes and lacked filopodial extensions. Control lenses at all time points had comparable ultrastructure to the 2 week old dystrophic lenses. F-actin arrangement within the basal membrane complex (BMC) of control lenses showed the expected peripheral pattern of labeling at all ages. Dystrophic RCS lenses at 2 weeks were comparable to controls, however by 3-4 weeks they displayed scattered foci of F-actin within the BMC. At all time points thereafter, F-actin was rearranged into a 'rosette' pattern of prominent foci at cell vertices.The data are consistent with the hypothesis that migration of basal fiber ends is altered in a two stage process wherein initially, migration patterns undergo a rapid shift resulting in abnormal suture sub-branch formation. Subsequent cytological alterations are consistent with an eventual cessation of migration, precluding proper targeting of basal ends to their sutural destinations and leading to cataract plaque formation.
| S-EPMC2925909 | biostudies-other
Project description:The recognition of ontogenetic edentulism in the Jurassic noasaurid Limusaurus inextricabilis shed new light on the dietary diversity within Ceratosauria, a stem lineage of non-avian theropod dinosaurs known for peculiar craniomandibular adaptations. Until now, edentulism in Ceratosauria was exclusive to adult individuals of Limusaurus. Here, an exceptionally complete skeleton of a new toothless ceratosaur, Berthasaura leopoldinae gen. et sp. nov., is described from the Cretaceous aeolian sandstones of the Bauru Basin, Southern Brazil. The specimen resembles adult individuals of Limusaurus by the absence of teeth but based on the unfused condition of several elements (e.g., skull, vertebral column) it clearly represents an ontogenetically immature individual, indicating that it might never have had teeth. The phylogenetic analysis performed here has nested Berthasaura leopoldinae as an early-divergent Noasauridae, not closely related to Limusaurus. It represents the most complete non-avian theropod from the Brazilian Cretaceous and preserves the most complete noasaurid axial series known so far. Moreover, the new taxon exhibits many novel osteological features, uncommon in non-avian theropods, and unprecedented even among South American ceratosaurs. These include not only toothless jaws but also a premaxilla with cutting occlusal edge, and a slightly downturned rostral tip. This indicate that B. leopoldinae unlikely had the same diet as other ceratosaurs, most being regarded as carnivorous. As the ontogenetically more mature specimens of Limusaurus, Berthasaura might have been herbivorous or at least omnivorous, corroborating with an early evolutionary divergence of noasaurids from the ceratosaurian bauplan by disparate feeding modes.
| S-EPMC8602317 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionThere is growing interest in leadership courses for physicians. Few opportunities are available in global regions with limited resources. This study describes orthopaedic trauma surgeons' desired leadership skill acquisition, opportunities, and barriers to course participation in Latin America.MethodsLatin American orthopaedic trauma surgeons from the Asociación de Cirujanos Traumatólogos de las Americas (ACTUAR) network were surveyed. This survey solicited and gauged the surgeons' level of interest in leadership topics and their relative importance utilizing a 5-point Likert-scale. Additionally, comparisons were calculated between middle-income countries (MICs) and high-income countries (HICs) to ascertain if needs were different between groups. The survey included demographic information, nationality, level of training, years in practice, leadership position, needs assessment, and perceived barriers for leadership educational opportunities.ResultsOne hundred forty-four orthopaedic surgeons completed the survey, representing 18 countries across Latin America; 15 MICs and 3 HICs. Participants had more than 20 years in practice (49%) and held leadership positions (81%) in hospital settings (62%), national orthopaedic societies (45%), and/or clinical settings (40%). Sixty-three percent had never attended a leadership course due to lack of opportunities/invitations (69%), difficulty missing work (24%), and costs (21%). Ninety-seven percent expressed interest in attending a leadership course. No difference in needs was determined between respondents from MICs and HICs. Professional Ethics, Crisis Management/Organizational Change Management, and High Performing Team-Building were identified as the most important leadership topics.ConclusionOrthopaedic surgeons in Latin America demonstrate an interest in acquiring additional leadership skills but have few opportunities. Identifying interests, knowledge gaps, and core competencies can guide the development of such opportunities.
| S-EPMC8575414 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This study was designed to determine the effect of a novel simulation-based training curriculum for scleral tunnel construction in manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) compared with traditional training. In this multicenter, investigator-masked, randomized clinical trial, resident surgeons within 3 months of matriculation with minimal or no prior experience with MSICS were assigned either to simulation-based training, the Experimental Group (EG), or to conventional training, the Control Group (CG). EG residents were trained to perform scleral tunnel construction using a simulation-based curriculum (HelpMeSee Eye Surgery Simulator), while residents in the CG followed institution-specific curriculum before progressing to live surgery. Surgical videos of the first 20 attempts at tunnel construction were reviewed by masked video raters. The primary outcome was the total number of any of 9 pre-specified errors. On average, the total number of errors was 9.25 (95% CI 0-18.95) in the EG and 17.56 (95% CI 6.63-28.49) in the CG (P = 0.05); the number of major errors was 4.86 (95% CI 0.13-9.59) in the EG and 10.09 (95% CI 4.76-15.41) in the CG (P = 0.02); and the number of minor errors was 4.39 (95% CI 0-9.75) in the EG and 7.47 (95% CI 1.43-13.51) in the CG (P = 0.16). These results support that novice surgeons trained using the novel simulation-based curriculum performed fewer errors in their first 20 attempts at tunnel construction compared to those trained with a conventional curriculum.
| S-EPMC8155014 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Pathogenic variants in WAC are uncommon causes of developmental delay and neurobehavioral phenotypes. The clinical features associated with WAC haploinsufficiency include recognizable dysmorphic facial features that were recently delineated as DeSanto-Shinawi syndrome (DESSH; OMIM 616708). Additional clinical features include hypotonia, hearing and vision abnormalities, gastrointestinal problems, and behavioral difficulties. Here, we report a case of a 4-year-old Colombian male patient with typical dysmorphic facial features, developmental delay, hyperactivity, and recurrent respiratory infections. His immune workup revealed hypogammaglobulinemia, and clinical exome sequencing revealed a novel intronic variant in WAC (c.1437+1G>A). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of DESSH in South America, underlining the accumulating evidence of the significant role of WAC haploinsufficiency in neurobehavioral phenotypes. Although this report suggested the potential involvement of WAC in immune regulation, additional reports are required to confirm our observations.
| S-EPMC6006642 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Monotremata is a clade of egg-lying mammals, represented by the living platypus and echidnas, which is endemic to Australia, and adjacent islands. Occurrence of basal monotremes in the Early Cretaceous of Australia has led to the consensus that this clade originated on that continent, arriving later to South America. Here we report on the discovery of a Late Cretaceous monotreme from southern Argentina, demonstrating that monotremes were present in circumpolar regions by the end of the Mesozoic, and that their distinctive anatomical features were probably present in these ancient forms as well.
| S-EPMC9935847 | biostudies-literature