Browse
Submit Data
Databases
API
Help

Dataset Information

0 Views

0 Connections

0 Citations

0 Reanalyses

0 Downloads

Omics score: 0

Personalized medicine in Type 2 Diabetes.

ABSTRACT: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a global public health concern, its prevalence in Asia, especially Taiwan, rising every year. The risk of developing T2D and diabetes complications is not only controlled by environmental but also by genetic factors. Genetic association studies have shown polymorphisms at specific loci may help identify individuals at greatest risk and response to oral antidiabetic drugs. This review probes effect of genetic profiling on T2D and its complications, using our study population as examples. Also, pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics of oral anitdiabetic drug will be explored.

SUBMITTER: Liao WL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4264975 | biostudies-literature | 2014

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Json Xml

Publications

Personalized medicine in Type 2 Diabetes.

Liao Wen-Ling WL Tsai Fuu-Jen FJ

BioMedicine 20140806

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a global public health concern, its prevalence in Asia, especially Taiwan, rising every year. The risk of developing T2D and diabetes complications is not only controlled by environmental but also by genetic factors. Genetic association studies have shown polymorphisms at specific loci may help identify individuals at greatest risk and response to oral antidiabetic drugs. This review probes effect of genetic profiling on T2D and its complications, using our study populat ...[more]

PMID: 25520921

Similar Datasets

Pharmacogenomics in type II diabetes mellitus management: Steps toward personalized medicine.

Project description:Advances in genotype technology in the last decade have put the pharmacogenomics revolution at the forefront of future medicine in clinical practice. Discovery of novel gene variations in drug transporters, drug targets, effector proteins and metabolizing enzymes in the form of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) continue to provide insight into the biological phenomena that govern drug efficacy and toxicity. To date, novel gene discoveries extracted from genome-wide association scans and candidate gene studies in at least four antidiabetic drug classes have helped illuminate possible causes of interindividual variability in response. Inadequate protocol guidelines for pharmacogenomics studies often leads to poorly designed studies, making it hard to formulate a definitive conclusion regarding the clinical relevance of the information at hand. These issues, along with the ethical, social, political, legislative, technological, and economic challenges associated with pharmacogenomics have only delayed its entry to mainstream clinical practice. On the other hand, these issues are being actively pursued and rapid progress is being made in each area which assures the possibility of gaining widespread acceptance in clinical practice.

| S-EPMC3513204 | biostudies-literature

Introduction to personalized medicine in diabetes mellitus.

Project description:The world is facing an epidemic rise in diabetes mellitus (DM) incidence, which is challenging health funders, health systems, clinicians, and patients to understand and respond to a flood of research and knowledge. Evidence-based guidelines provide uniform management recommendations for "average" patients that rarely take into account individual variation in susceptibility to DM, to its complications, and responses to pharmacological and lifestyle interventions. Personalized medicine combines bioinformatics with genomic, proteomic, metabolomic, pharmacogenomic ("omics") and other new technologies to explore pathophysiology and to characterize more precisely an individual's risk for disease, as well as response to interventions. In this review we will introduce readers to personalized medicine as applied to DM, in particular the use of clinical, genetic, metabolic, and other markers of risk for DM and its chronic microvascular and macrovascular complications, as well as insights into variations in response to and tolerance of commonly used medications, dietary changes, and exercise. These advances in "omic" information and techniques also provide clues to potential pathophysiological mechanisms underlying DM and its complications.

| S-EPMC3904477 | biostudies-literature

HbA1c for type 2 diabetes diagnosis in Africans and African Americans: Personalized medicine NOW!

Project description:Andrew Paterson discusses findings from a new study that shows HbA1c screening for diabetes will leave 2% of African Americans undiagnosed and how personalised medicine is needed.

| S-EPMC5595287 | biostudies-literature

Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Potential Implications for Clinical Practice.

Project description:Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common form of diabetes, and is rising in incidence with widespread prevalence. Multiple gene variants are associated with glucose homeostasis, complex T2DM pathogenesis, and its complications. Exploring more effective therapeutic strategies for patients with diabetes is crucial. Pharmacogenomics has made precision medicine possible by allowing for individualized drug therapy based on a patient's genetic and genomic information. T2DM is treated with various classes of oral hypoglycemic agents, such as biguanides, sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, meglitinides, DPP4 inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors, α-glucosidase inhibitors, and GLP1 analogues, which exhibit various pharmacogenetic variants. Although genomic interventions in monogenic diabetes have been implemented in clinical practice, they are still in the early stages for complex polygenic disorders, such as T2DM. Precision DM medicine has the potential to be effective in personalized therapy for those suffering from various forms of DM, such as T2DM. With recent developments in genetic techniques, the application of candidate-gene studies, large-scale genotyping investigations, genome-wide association studies, and "multiomics" studies has begun to produce results that may lead to changes in clinical practice. Enhanced knowledge of the genetic architecture of T2DM presents a bigger translational potential. This review summarizes the genetics and pathophysiology of T2DM, candidate-gene approaches, genome-wide association studies, personalized medicine, clinical relevance of pharmacogenetic variants associated with oral hypoglycemic agents, and paths toward personalized diabetology.

| S-EPMC8598203 | biostudies-literature

Neonatal diabetes mellitus: a model for personalized medicine.

Project description:Neonatal diabetes mellitus occurs in approximately 1 out of every 100,000 live births. It can be either permanent or transient, and recent studies indicate that is likely to have an underlying genetic cause, particularly when diagnosed before 6 months of age. Permanent neonatal diabetes is most commonly due to activating mutations in either of the genes encoding the two subunits of the ATP-sensitive potassium channel. In most of these patients, switching from insulin to oral sulfonylurea therapy leads to improved metabolic control, as well as possible amelioration of occasional associated neurodevelopmental disabilities. It remains to be determined what is the most appropriate treatment of other causes. The diagnosis and treatment of neonatal diabetes, therefore, represents a model for personalized medicine.

| S-EPMC2914172 | biostudies-literature

Personalized medicine in diabetes: the role of 'omics' and biomarkers.

Project description:Personalized medicine, otherwise called stratified or precision medicine, aims to better target intervention to the individual to maximize benefit and minimize harm. This review discusses how diabetes aetiology, pathophysiology and patient genotype influence response to or side effects of the commonly used diabetes treatments. C-peptide is a useful biomarker that is underused to guide treatment choice, severe insulin deficiency predicts non-response to glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, and thiazolidinediones are more effective in insulin-resistant patients. The field of pharmacogenetics is now yielding clinically important results, with three examples outlined: sulphonylurea sensitivity in patients with HNF1A maturity-onset diabetes of the young; sulphonylurea sensitivity in patients with Type 2 diabetes with reduced function alleles at CYP2C9, resulting in reduced metabolism of sulphonylureas; and severe metformin intolerance associated with reduced function organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) variants, exacerbated by drugs that also inhibit OCT1. Genome-wide approaches and the potential of other 'omics', including metagenomics and metabolomics, are then outlined, highlighting the complex interacting networks that we need to understand before we can truly personalize diabetes treatments.

| S-EPMC4879510 | biostudies-literature

Personalized medicine in diabetes mellitus: current opportunities and future prospects.

Project description:Diabetes mellitus affects approximately 382 million individuals worldwide and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Over 40 and nearly 80 genetic loci influencing susceptibility to type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively, have been identified. In addition, there is emerging evidence that some genetic variants help to predict response to treatment. Other variants confer apparent protection from diabetes or its complications and may lead to development of novel treatment approaches. Currently, there is clear clinical utility to genetic testing to find the at least 1% of diabetic individuals who have monogenic diabetes (e.g., maturity-onset diabetes of the young and KATP channel neonatal diabetes). Diagnosing many of these currently underdiagnosed types of diabetes enables personalized treatment, resulting in improved and less invasive glucose control, better prediction of prognosis, and enhanced familial risk assessment. Efforts to enhance the rate of detection, diagnosis, and personalized treatment of individuals with monogenic diabetes should set the stage for effective clinical translation of current genetic, pharmacogenetic, and pharmacogenomic research of more complex forms of diabetes.

| S-EPMC4480162 | biostudies-literature

Personalized pharmacotherapy for Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Project description:Genome-wide linkage and association studies have been applied to Type 2 diabetes in order to discover common genetic variation that contributes to disease risk. While there has been progress in understanding how genetic variation predisposes to diabetes, there is less of an understanding of how genetics can alter drug response. The hope is that in the future, pharmacogenetics can help guide the treatment of diabetes, thereby improving control while minimizing side effects in a large group of patients.

| S-EPMC2753279 | biostudies-literature

Eliminating barriers to personalized medicine: learning from neurofibromatosis type 1.

Project description:With the emergence of high-throughput discovery platforms, robust preclinical small-animal models, and efficient clinical trial pipelines, it is becoming possible to envision a time when the treatment of human neurologic diseases will become personalized. The emergence of precision medicine will require the identification of subgroups of patients most likely to respond to specific biologically based therapies. This stratification only becomes possible when the determinants that contribute to disease heterogeneity become more fully elucidated. This review discusses the defining factors that underlie disease heterogeneity relevant to the potential for individualized brain tumor (optic pathway glioma) treatments arising in the common single-gene cancer predisposition syndrome, neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). In this regard, NF1 is posited as a model genetic condition to establish a workable paradigm for actualizing precision therapeutics for other neurologic disorders.

| S-EPMC4132567 | biostudies-literature