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A comparative encyclopedia of DNA elements in the mouse genome.

ABSTRACT: The laboratory mouse shares the majority of its protein-coding genes with humans, making it the premier model organism in biomedical research, yet the two mammals differ in significant ways. To gain greater insights into both shared and species-specific transcriptional and cellular regulatory programs in the mouse, the Mouse ENCODE Consortium has mapped transcription, DNase I hypersensitivity, transcription factor binding, chromatin modifications and replication domains throughout the mouse genome in diverse cell and tissue types. By comparing with the human genome, we not only confirm substantial conservation in the newly annotated potential functional sequences, but also find a large degree of divergence of sequences involved in transcriptional regulation, chromatin state and higher order chromatin organization. Our results illuminate the wide range of evolutionary forces acting on genes and their regulatory regions, and provide a general resource for research into mammalian biology and mechanisms of human diseases.

SUBMITTER: Yue F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4266106 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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An encyclopedia of mouse DNA elements (Mouse ENCODE).

Project description:To complement the human Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project and to enable a broad range of mouse genomics efforts, the Mouse ENCODE Consortium is applying the same experimental pipelines developed for human ENCODE to annotate the mouse genome.

| S-EPMC3491367 | biostudies-literature

A comparative encyclopedia of DNA elements in the mouse genome

Project description:The laboratory mouse shares the majority of its protein-coding genes with humans, making it the premier model organism in biomedical research, yet the two mammals differ in significant ways. To gain greater insights into both shared and species-specific transcriptional and cellular regulatory programs in the mouse, the Mouse ENCODE Consortium has mapped transcription, DNase I hypersensitivity, transcription factor binding, chromatin modifications and replication domains throughout the mouse genome in diverse cell and tissue types. By comparing with the human genome, we not only confirm substantial conservation in the newly annotated potential functional sequences, but also find a large degree of divergence of sequences involved in transcriptional regulation, chromatin state and higher order chromatin organi- zation. Our results illuminate the wide range of evolutionary forces acting on genes and their regulatory regions, and provide a general resource for research into mammalian biology and mechanisms of human diseases.

2013-08-14 | GSE49847 | GEO

An integrated encyclopedia of DNA elements in the human genome.

Project description:The human genome encodes the blueprint of life, but the function of the vast majority of its nearly three billion bases is unknown. The Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project has systematically mapped regions of transcription, transcription factor association, chromatin structure and histone modification. These data enabled us to assign biochemical functions for 80% of the genome, in particular outside of the well-studied protein-coding regions. Many discovered candidate regulatory elements are physically associated with one another and with expressed genes, providing new insights into the mechanisms of gene regulation. The newly identified elements also show a statistical correspondence to sequence variants linked to human disease, and can thereby guide interpretation of this variation. Overall, the project provides new insights into the organization and regulation of our genes and genome, and is an expansive resource of functional annotations for biomedical research.

| S-EPMC3439153 | biostudies-literature

The Encyclopedia of DNA elements (ENCODE): data portal update.

Project description:The Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) Data Coordinating Center has developed the ENCODE Portal database and website as the source for the data and metadata generated by the ENCODE Consortium. Two principles have motivated the design. First, experimental protocols, analytical procedures and the data themselves should be made publicly accessible through a coherent, web-based search and download interface. Second, the same interface should serve carefully curated metadata that record the provenance of the data and justify its interpretation in biological terms. Since its initial release in 2013 and in response to recommendations from consortium members and the wider community of scientists who use the Portal to access ENCODE data, the Portal has been regularly updated to better reflect these design principles. Here we report on these updates, including results from new experiments, uniformly-processed data from other projects, new visualization tools and more comprehensive metadata to describe experiments and analyses. Additionally, the Portal is now home to meta(data) from related projects including Genomics of Gene Regulation, Roadmap Epigenome Project, Model organism ENCODE (modENCODE) and modERN. The Portal now makes available over 13000 datasets and their accompanying metadata and can be accessed at: https://www.encodeproject.org/.

| S-EPMC5753278 | biostudies-literature

A user's guide to the encyclopedia of DNA elements (ENCODE).

Project description:The mission of the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) Project is to enable the scientific and medical communities to interpret the human genome sequence and apply it to understand human biology and improve health. The ENCODE Consortium is integrating multiple technologies and approaches in a collective effort to discover and define the functional elements encoded in the human genome, including genes, transcripts, and transcriptional regulatory regions, together with their attendant chromatin states and DNA methylation patterns. In the process, standards to ensure high-quality data have been implemented, and novel algorithms have been developed to facilitate analysis. Data and derived results are made available through a freely accessible database. Here we provide an overview of the project and the resources it is generating and illustrate the application of ENCODE data to interpret the human genome.

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Comparative Validation of the D. melanogaster Encyclopedia of DNA Elements Transcript Models

Project description:The model organism Encyclopedia of DNA Elements project (modENCODE) has produced a comprehensive annotation of D. melanogaster transcript models based on an enormous amount of high-throughput experimental data. However, some transcribed elements may not be functional, and technical artifacts may lead to erroneous inference of transcription. Inter-species comparison provides confidence to predicted annotation, since transcriptional activity that has been evolutionarily conserved is likely to have an advantageous function. We have performed RNA-Seq and CAGE-Seq experiments on more than 80 samples from multiple tissues and stages of 15 Drosophila species, including 8 previously unsequenced genomes. We have found strikingly conserved sequence, expression, and splicing for the vast majority of transcript models in modENCODE annotation (e.g. 99% exons of coding sequences (CDS), 88% exons of untranslated regions (UTR), and 87% splicing events), indicating that the transcriptome annotation is of very high quality. We also describe dynamic transcriptome evolution within the Drosophila genus, including conserved promoter structure, labile positions of transcription start sites, and rapidly evolving RNA-editing events. We demonstrate how this phylogenetic approach to DNA element validation will prove useful in the annotation of other high priority genomes, especially for genomes that are less compact than Drosophila (e.g. the vast majority of vertebrate genomes).

2013-02-25 | GSE44612 | GEO

New developments on the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) data portal.

Project description:The Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) is an ongoing collaborative research project aimed at identifying all the functional elements in the human and mouse genomes. Data generated by the ENCODE consortium are freely accessible at the ENCODE portal (https://www.encodeproject.org/), which is developed and maintained by the ENCODE Data Coordinating Center (DCC). Since the initial portal release in 2013, the ENCODE DCC has updated the portal to make ENCODE data more findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable. Here, we report on recent updates, including new ENCODE data and assays, ENCODE uniform data processing pipelines, new visualization tools, a dataset cart feature, unrestricted public access to ENCODE data on the cloud (Amazon Web Services open data registry, https://registry.opendata.aws/encode-project/) and more comprehensive tutorials and documentation.

| S-EPMC7061942 | biostudies-literature

Comparative Validation of the D. melanogaster Encyclopedia of DNA Elements Transcript Models

2013-02-25 | E-GEOD-44612 | biostudies-arrayexpress

A brief review on the Human Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project.

Project description:The ENCyclopedia Of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project is an international research consortium that aims to identify all functional elements in the human genome sequence. The second phase of the project comprised 1640 datasets from 147 different cell types, yielding a set of 30 publications across several journals. These data revealed that 80.4% of the human genome displays some functionality in at least one cell type. Many of these regulatory elements are physically associated with one another and further form a network or three-dimensional conformation to affect gene expression. These elements are also related to sequence variants associated with diseases or traits. All these findings provide us new insights into the organization and regulation of genes and genome, and serve as an expansive resource for understanding human health and disease.

| S-EPMC4357814 | biostudies-literature

fruitENCODE: An encyclopedia of DNA elements for fruit ripening

Project description:Fleshy fruits evolved independently multiple times during angiosperm history, including the use of ethylene for the initiation and maintenance of ripening. ENCODE data of 355 transcriptome, 66 accessible chromatin, 160 histone and 45 DNA methylation profiles from eleven fleshy fruit species revealed three types of transcriptional feedback loops controlling ripening. Eudicots peach, papaya and melon evolved their circuits using carpel senescence NAC genes, whereas tomato, apple and pear utilized floral identity MADS genes derived from recent whole-genome-duplications. The monocot banana used both, forming a unique dual-loop circuit. Genes in these circuits and their tissue-specific H3K27me3 mark could be traced back to both dry fruits and ethylene-independent fleshy fruits, suggesting that the ethylene-dependent ripening mechanisms evolved from pre-existing genetic and epigenetic pathways in the ancestral angiosperms. FruitENCODE provides a comprehensive annotation of functional elements for fleshy fruit crops and new insight into the origins of climacteric fruit ripening.

2018-07-04 | GSE116581 | GEO

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