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Genomes of the rice pest brown planthopper and its endosymbionts reveal complex complementary contributions for host adaptation.


ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, the most destructive pest of rice, is a typical monophagous herbivore that feeds exclusively on rice sap, which migrates over long distances. Outbreaks of it have re-occurred approximately every three years in Asia. It has also been used as a model system for ecological studies and for developing effective pest management. To better understand how a monophagous sap-sucking arthropod herbivore has adapted to its exclusive host selection and to provide insights to improve pest control, we analyzed the genomes of the brown planthopper and its two endosymbionts. RESULTS: We describe the 1.14 gigabase planthopper draft genome and the genomes of two microbial endosymbionts that permit the planthopper to forage exclusively on rice fields. Only 40.8% of the 27,571 identified Nilaparvata protein coding genes have detectable shared homology with the proteomes of the other 14 arthropods included in this study, reflecting large-scale gene losses including in evolutionarily conserved gene families and biochemical pathways. These unique genomic features are functionally associated with the animal's exclusive plant host selection. Genes missing from the insect in conserved biochemical pathways that are essential for its survival on the nutritionally imbalanced sap diet are present in the genomes of its microbial endosymbionts, which have evolved to complement the mutualistic nutritional needs of the host. CONCLUSIONS: Our study reveals a series of complex adaptations of the brown planthopper involving a variety of biological processes, that result in its highly destructive impact on the exclusive host rice. All these findings highlight potential directions for effective pest control of the planthopper.

SUBMITTER: Xue J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4269174 | biostudies-literature | 2014

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Genomes of the rice pest brown planthopper and its endosymbionts reveal complex complementary contributions for host adaptation.

Xue Jian J   Zhou Xin X   Zhang Chuan-Xi CX   Yu Li-Li LL   Fan Hai-Wei HW   Wang Zhuo Z   Xu Hai-Jun HJ   Xi Yu Y   Zhu Zeng-Rong ZR   Zhou Wen-Wu WW   Pan Peng-Lu PL   Li Bao-Ling BL   Colbourne John K JK   Noda Hiroaki H   Suetsugu Yoshitaka Y   Kobayashi Tetsuya T   Zheng Yuan Y   Liu Shanlin S   Zhang Rui R   Liu Yang Y   Luo Ya-Dan YD   Fang Dong-Ming DM   Chen Yan Y   Zhan Dong-Liang DL   Lv Xiao-Dan XD   Cai Yue Y   Wang Zhao-Bao ZB   Huang Hai-Jian HJ   Cheng Ruo-Lin RL   Zhang Xue-Chao XC   Lou Yi-Han YH   Yu Bing B   Zhuo Ji-Chong JC   Ye Yu-Xuan YX   Zhang Wen-Qing WQ   Shen Zhi-Cheng ZC   Yang Huan-Ming HM   Wang Jian J   Wang Jun J   Bao Yan-Yuan YY   Cheng Jia-An JA  

Genome biology 20141203 12


<h4>Background</h4>The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, the most destructive pest of rice, is a typical monophagous herbivore that feeds exclusively on rice sap, which migrates over long distances. Outbreaks of it have re-occurred approximately every three years in Asia. It has also been used as a model system for ecological studies and for developing effective pest management. To better understand how a monophagous sap-sucking arthropod herbivore has adapted to its exclusive host selectio  ...[more]

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