Dataset Information

AMPD1: a novel therapeutic target for reversing insulin resistance.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Insulin resistance is one of the hallmark manifestations of obesity and Type II diabetes and reversal of this pathogenic abnormality is an attractive target for new therapies for Type II diabetes. A recent report that metformin, a drug known to reverse insulin resistance, demonstrated in vitro the metformin can inhibit AMP deaminase (AMPD) activity. Skeletal muscle is one of the primary organs contributing to insulin resistance and that the AMPD1 gene is selectively expressed at high levels in skeletal muscle.

Methods

Recognizing the background above, we asked if genetic disruption of the AMPD1 gene might ameliorate the manifestations of insulin resistance. AMPD1 deficient homozygous mice and control mice fed normal chow diet or a high-fat diet, and blood analysis, glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance test were performed. Also, skeletal muscle metabolism and gene expression including nucleotide levels and activation of AMP activated protein kinase (AMP kinase) were evaluated in both conditions.

Results

Disruption of the AMPD1 gene leads to a less severe state of insulin resistance, improved glucose tolerance and enhanced insulin clearance in mice fed a high fat diet. Given the central role of AMP kinase in insulin action, and its response to changes in AMP concentrations in the cell, we examined the skeletal muscle of the AMPD1 deficient mice and found that they have greater AMP kinase activity as evidenced by higher levels of phosphorylated AMP kinase.

Conclusions

Taken together these data suggest that AMPD may be a new drug target for the reversal of insulin resistance and the treatment of Type II diabetes.

SUBMITTER: Cheng J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4274759 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

AMPD1: a novel therapeutic target for reversing insulin resistance.

Cheng Jidong J Morisaki Hiroko H Toyama Keiko K Sugimoto Naomi N Shintani Takuya T Tandelilin Andreas A Hirase Tetsuaki T Holmes Edward W EW Morisaki Takayuki T

BMC endocrine disorders 20141215

<h4>Background</h4>Insulin resistance is one of the hallmark manifestations of obesity and Type II diabetes and reversal of this pathogenic abnormality is an attractive target for new therapies for Type II diabetes. A recent report that metformin, a drug known to reverse insulin resistance, demonstrated in vitro the metformin can inhibit AMP deaminase (AMPD) activity. Skeletal muscle is one of the primary organs contributing to insulin resistance and that the AMPD1 gene is selectively expressed ...[more]

PMID: 25511531

Similar Datasets

Project description:BackgroundTo identify key and shared insulin resistance (IR) molecular signatures across all insulin-sensitive tissues (ISTs), and their potential targeted drugs.MethodsThree datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were acquired, in which the ISTs (fat, muscle, and liver) were from the same individual with obese mice. Integrated bioinformatics analysis was performed to obtain the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was carried out to determine the "most significant trait-related genes" (MSTRGs). Enrichment analysis and PPI network were performed to find common features and novel hub genes in ISTs. The shared genes of DEGs and genes between DEGs and MSTRGs across four ISTs were identified as key IR therapeutic target. The Attie Lab diabetes database and obese rats were used to verify candidate genes. A medical drug-gene interaction network was conducted by using the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) to find potential targeted drugs. The candidate drug was validated in Hepa1-6 cells.ResultsLipid metabolic process, mitochondrion, and oxidoreductase activity as common features were enriched from ISTs under an obese context. Thirteen shared genes (Ubd, Lbp, Hp, Arntl, Cfd, Npas2, Thrsp., Tpx2, Pkp1, Sftpd, Mthfd2, Tnfaip2, and Vnn3) of DEGs across ISTs were obtained and confirmed. Among them, Ubd was the only shared gene between DEGs and MSTRGs across four ISTs. The expression of Ubd was significantly upregulated across four ISTs in obese rats, especially in the liver. The IR Hepa1-6 cell models treated with dexamethasone (Dex), palmitic acid (PA), and 2-deoxy-D-ribose (dRib) had elevated expression of Ubd. Knockdown of Ubd increased the level of p-Akt. A lowing Ubd expression drug, promethazine (PMZ) from CTD analysis rescued the decreased p-Akt level in IR Hepa1-6 cells.ConclusionThis study revealed Ubd, a novel and shared IR molecular signature across four ISTs, as an effective biomarker and provided new insight into the mechanisms of IR. PMZ was a candidate drug for IR which increased p-Akt level and thus improved IR by targeting Ubd and downregulation of Ubd expression. Both Ubd and PMZ merit further clinical translational investigation to improve IR.

Dataset Information

AMPD1: a novel therapeutic target for reversing insulin resistance.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

AMPD1: a novel therapeutic target for reversing insulin resistance.

Similar Datasets

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