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Cheminformatics models for inhibitors of Schistosoma mansoni thioredoxin glutathione reductase.

ABSTRACT: Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by a parasite Schistosoma mansoni and affects over 200 million annually. There is an urgent need to discover novel therapeutic options to control the disease with the recent emergence of drug resistance. The multifunctional protein, thioredoxin glutathione reductase (TGR), an essential enzyme for the survival of the pathogen in the redox environment has been actively explored as a potential drug target. The recent availability of small-molecule screening datasets against this target provides a unique opportunity to learn molecular properties and apply computational models for discovery of activities in large molecular libraries. Such a prioritisation approach could have the potential to reduce the cost of failures in lead discovery. A supervised learning approach was employed to develop a cost sensitive classification model to evaluate the biological activity of the molecules. Random forest was identified to be the best classifier among all the classifiers with an accuracy of around 80 percent. Independent analysis using a maximally occurring substructure analysis revealed 10 highly enriched scaffolds in the actives dataset and their docking against was also performed. We show that a combined approach of machine learning and other cheminformatics approaches such as substructure comparison and molecular docking is efficient to prioritise molecules from large molecular datasets.

SUBMITTER: Gaba S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4275605 | biostudies-literature | 2014

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Cheminformatics models for inhibitors of Schistosoma mansoni thioredoxin glutathione reductase.

Gaba Sonam S Jamal Salma S Open Source Drug Discovery Consortium Scaria Vinod V

TheScientificWorldJournal 20141125

Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by a parasite Schistosoma mansoni and affects over 200 million annually. There is an urgent need to discover novel therapeutic options to control the disease with the recent emergence of drug resistance. The multifunctional protein, thioredoxin glutathione reductase (TGR), an essential enzyme for the survival of the pathogen in the redox environment has been actively explored as a potential drug target. The recent availability of small-molec ...[more]

PMID: 25629082

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Project description:Thioredoxin glutathione reductase from Schistosoma mansoni (SmTGR) catalyzes the reduction of both thioredoxin and glutathione disulfides (GSSG), thus playing a crucial role in maintaining redox homeostasis in the parasite. In line with this role, previous studies have demonstrated that SmTGR is a promising drug target for schistosomiasis. To aid in the development of efficacious drugs that target SmTGR, it is essential to understand the catalytic mechanism of SmTGR. SmTGR is a dimeric flavoprotein in the glutathione reductase family and has a head-to-tail arrangement of its monomers; each subunit has the components of both a thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) domain and a glutaredoxin (Grx) domain. However, the active site of the TrxR domain is composed of residues from both subunits: FAD and a redox-active Cys-154/Cys-159 pair from one subunit and a redox-active Cys-596'/Sec-597' pair from the other; the active site of the Grx domain contains a redox-active Cys-28/Cys-31 pair. Via its Cys-28/Cys-31 dithiol and/or its Cys-596'/Sec-597' thiol-selenolate, SmTGR can catalyze the reduction of a variety of substrates by NADPH. It is presumed that SmTGR catalyzes deglutathionylation reactions via the Cys-28/Cys-31 dithiol. Our anaerobic titration data suggest that reducing equivalents from NADPH can indeed reach the Cys-28/Cys-31 disulfide in the Grx domain to facilitate reductions effected by this cysteine pair. To clarify the specific chemical roles of each redox-active residue with respect to its various reactivities, we generated variants of SmTGR. Cys-28 variants had no Grx deglutathionylation activity, whereas Cys-31 variants retained partial Grx deglutathionylation activity, indicating that the Cys-28 thiolate is the nucleophile initiating deglutathionylation. Lags in the steady-state kinetics, found when wild-type SmTGR was incubated at high concentrations of GSSG, were not present in Grx variants, indicating that this cysteine pair is in some way responsible for the lags. A Sec-597 variant was still able to reduce a variety of substrates, albeit slowly, showing that selenocysteine is important but is not the sole determinant for the broad substrate tolerance of the enzyme. Our data show that Cys-520 and Cys-574 are not likely to be involved in the catalytic mechanism.

Dataset Information

Cheminformatics models for inhibitors of Schistosoma mansoni thioredoxin glutathione reductase.

Publications

Cheminformatics models for inhibitors of Schistosoma mansoni thioredoxin glutathione reductase.

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