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Consistency in infants' behavioural signalling of satiation during bottle-feeding.

ABSTRACT: Understanding the dynamics of feeding is essential for preventing accelerated weight gain during infancy, a risk factor for obesity.Because infants satiate on larger volumes of cow milk formula (CMF) than CMF enriched with the free amino acid glutamate (CMF?+?glu), we used this model system to determine whether infants displayed consistent behaviours despite satiating on lower volumes.In this laboratory-based, within-subject experimental study of ?4-month-old infants (n?=?41) and their mothers, infants were videotaped while feeding to satiation CMF on one test day and CMF?+?glu on the other, in counterbalanced order. Each video-recording was analysed frame-by-frame for frequency and timing of behaviours.Infants' behaviours were consistent in types and frequency but were displayed sooner when feeding CMF?+?glu compared with CMF. The less responsive the mother's feeding style, the less consistent the infant displayed behaviours across the two formula meals (P?=?0.05). Infants who spat up (a possible sign of overfeeding) consumed more formula (P?=?0.01) and had less responsive mothers (P?=?0.04) compared with the other infants.Infants are consistent in their behavioural displays during feeding at this developmental age. Regulation of intake and signalling of satiation during bottle-feeding are associated with formula composition and maternal feeding style.

SUBMITTER: Ventura AK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4282834 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Consistency in infants' behavioural signalling of satiation during bottle-feeding.

Ventura A K AK Inamdar L B LB Mennella J A JA

Pediatric obesity 20140703 3

<h4>Background</h4>Understanding the dynamics of feeding is essential for preventing accelerated weight gain during infancy, a risk factor for obesity.<h4>Objectives</h4>Because infants satiate on larger volumes of cow milk formula (CMF) than CMF enriched with the free amino acid glutamate (CMF + glu), we used this model system to determine whether infants displayed consistent behaviours despite satiating on lower volumes.<h4>Methods</h4>In this laboratory-based, within-subject experimental stud ...[more]

PMID: 24990443

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Preterm infants have difficulty maintaining engagement throughout early oral feedings, which can lead to less efficient feeding and prolonged feeding skill development. OBJECTIVE:To examine contributions of the infant, mother, and feeding context to infant engagement during bottle-feeding. METHODS:Bottle-feedings of very-low-birthweight infants (n = 22) by their mothers were observed. Infant and maternal behaviors were coded and synchronized with physiologic measures. At completion of the feeding, the mothers were interviewed, and their working model of feeding coregulation was scored. Feedings were subdivided into feeding episodes (n = 114). Using multilevel linear regression analyses, four dyadic characteristics (working model of the caregiver's role as coregulator, birthweight, postconceptional age, baseline oxygen saturation) and five episode characteristics (readiness at episode onset, episode baseline oxygen saturation, mean oxygen saturation during the episode, maternal feeding behavior, and phase of feeding) were examined as potential predictors of feeding episode engagement. RESULTS:Conditions observed during the feeding observation explained most of the variation in engagement. Engagement was more likely to occur during the early phase of feeding (p <.05), during feeding episodes that began with infant readiness (p <.05), and during feeding episodes with higher mean oxygen saturation during the episode (p <.05). Feeding episodes with less jiggling of the nipple had a significantly greater amount of engagement (p <.05). CONCLUSIONS:The ability of the preterm infant to maintain engagement during bottle-feeding cannot be explained by characteristics of the infant or by the prefeeding condition of the infant alone. Rather, engagement is coregulated by the caregiver and the infant throughout the feeding. Strategies to assist infants in maintaining physiologic stability during bottle-feeding and further study of effective and contingent caregiver feeding behaviors are needed.

Project description:BACKGROUND: There is very little evidence of the similarity of the mechanics of maternal and bottle feeding. We assessed the mechanics of sucking in exclusive breastfeeding, exclusive bottle feeding, and mixed feeding. The hypothesis established was that physiological pattern for suckling movements differ depending on the type of feeding. According to this hypothesis, babies with breastfeeding have suckling movements at the breast that are different from the movements of suckling a teat of babies fed with bottle. Children with mixed feeding mix both types of suckling movements. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of infants aged 21-28 days with only maternal feeding or bottle feeding (234 mother-infant pairs), and a randomized open cross-over field trial in newborns aged 21-28 days and babies aged 3-5 months with mixed feeding (125 mother-infant pairs). Primary outcome measures were sucks and pauses. RESULTS: Infants aged 21-28 days exclusively bottle-fed showed fewer sucks and the same number of pauses but of longer duration compared to breastfeeding. In mixed feeding, bottle feeding compared to breastfeeding showed the same number of sucks but fewer and shorter pauses, both at 21-28 days and at 3-5 months. The mean number of breastfeedings in a day (in the mixed feed group) was 5.83 +/- 1.93 at 21-28 days and 4.42 +/- 1.67 at 3-5 months. In the equivalence analysis of the mixed feed group, the 95% confidence interval for bottle feeding/breastfeeding ratio laid outside the range of equivalence, indicating 5.9-8.7% fewer suction movements, and fewer pauses, and shorter duration of them in bottle feeding compared with breastfeeding. CONCLUSIONS: The mechanics of sucking in mixed feeding lay outside the range of equivalence comparing bottle feeding with breastfeeding, although differences were small. Children with mixed feeding would mix both types of sucking movements (breastfeeding and bottle feeding) during the learning stage and adopt their own pattern.

Dataset Information

Consistency in infants' behavioural signalling of satiation during bottle-feeding.

Publications

Consistency in infants' behavioural signalling of satiation during bottle-feeding.

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