Dataset Information

Long-term prognosis after acute kidney injury (AKI): what is the role of baseline kidney function and recovery? A systematic review.

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

To summarise the evidence from studies of acute kidney injury (AKI) with regard to the effect of pre-AKI renal function and post-AKI renal function recovery on long-term mortality and renal outcomes, and to assess whether these factors should be taken into account in future prognostic studies.

Design/setting

A systematic review of observational studies listed in Medline and EMBASE from 1990 to October 2012.

Participants

All AKI studies in adults with data on baseline kidney function to identify AKI; with outcomes either stratified by pre-AKI and/or post-AKI kidney function, or described by the timing of the outcomes.

Outcomes

Long-term mortality and worsening chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Results

Of 7385 citations, few studies met inclusion criteria, reported baseline kidney function and stratified by pre-AKI or post-AKI function. For mortality outcomes, three studies compared patients by pre-AKI renal function and six by post-AKI function. For CKD outcomes, two studies compared patients by pre-AKI function and two by post-AKI function. The presence of CKD pre-AKI (compared with AKI alone) was associated with doubling of mortality and a fourfold to fivefold increase in CKD outcomes. Non-recovery of kidney function was associated with greater mortality and CKD outcomes in some studies, but findings were inconsistent varying with study design. Two studies also reported that risk of poor outcome reduced over time post-AKI. Meta-analysis was precluded by variations in definitions for AKI, CKD and recovery.

Conclusions

The long-term prognosis after AKI varies depending on cause and clinical setting, but it may also, in part, be explained by underlying pre-AKI and post-AKI renal function rather than the AKI episode itself. While carefully considered in clinical practice, few studies address these factors and with inconsistent study design. Future AKI studies should report pre-AKI and post-AKI function consistently as additional factors that may modify AKI prognosis.

SUBMITTER: Sawhney S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4289733 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Long-term prognosis after acute kidney injury (AKI): what is the role of baseline kidney function and recovery? A systematic review.

Sawhney Simon S Mitchell Mhairi M Marks Angharad A Fluck Nick N Black Corrinda C

BMJ open 20150106 1

<h4>Objectives</h4>To summarise the evidence from studies of acute kidney injury (AKI) with regard to the effect of pre-AKI renal function and post-AKI renal function recovery on long-term mortality and renal outcomes, and to assess whether these factors should be taken into account in future prognostic studies.<h4>Design/setting</h4>A systematic review of observational studies listed in Medline and EMBASE from 1990 to October 2012.<h4>Participants</h4>All AKI studies in adults with data on base ...[more]

PMID: 25564144

Similar Datasets

Project description:Importance:The severity of acute kidney injury (AKI) is usually determined based on the maximum serum creatinine concentration. However, the trajectory of kidney function recovery could be an additional important dimension of AKI severity. Objective:To assess whether the trajectory of kidney function recovery within 72 hours after AKI is associated with long-term risk of clinical outcomes. Design, Setting, and Participants:This prospective, multicenter cohort study enrolled 1538 adults with or without AKI 3 months after hospital discharge between December 1, 2009, and February 28, 2015. Statistical analyses were completed November 1, 2018. Participants with or without AKI were matched based on demographic characteristics, site, comorbidities, and prehospitalization estimated glomerular filtration rate. Participants with AKI were classified as having resolving or nonresolving AKI based on previously published definitions. Resolving AKI was defined as a decrease in serum creatinine concentration of 0.3 mg/dL or more or 25% or more from maximum in the first 72 hours after AKI diagnosis. Nonresolving AKI was defined as AKI not meeting the definition for resolving AKI. Main Outcomes and Measures:The primary outcome was a composite of major adverse kidney events (MAKE), defined as incident or progressive chronic kidney disease, long-term dialysis, or all-cause death during study follow-up. Results:Among 1538 participants (964 men; mean [SD] age, 64.6 [12.7] years), 769 (50%) had no AKI, 475 (31%) had a resolving AKI pattern, and 294 (19%) had a nonresolving AKI pattern. After a median follow-up of 4.7 years, the outcome of MAKE occurred in 550 (36%) of all participants. The adjusted hazard ratio for MAKE was higher for patients with resolving AKI (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.01-2.29; P?=?.04) and those with nonresolving AKI (adjusted hazard ratio 2.30; 95% CI, 1.52-3.48; P?<?.001) compared with participants without AKI. Within the population of patients with AKI, nonresolving AKI was associated with a 51% greater risk of MAKE (95% CI, 22%-88%; P?<?.001) compared with resolving AKI. The higher risk of MAKE among patients with nonresolving AKI was explained by a higher risk of incident and progressive chronic kidney disease. Conclusions and Relevance:This study suggests that the 72-hour period immediately after AKI distinguishes the risk of clinically important kidney-specific long-term outcomes. The identification of different AKI recovery patterns may improve patient risk stratification, facilitate prognostic enrichment in clinical trials, and enable recognition of patients who may benefit from nephrology consultation.

Project description:BackgroundWhile acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in COVID-19, data on post-AKI kidney function recovery and the clinical factors associated with poor kidney function recovery is lacking.MethodsA retrospective multi-centre observational cohort study comprising 12,891 hospitalized patients aged 18 years or older with a diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by polymerase chain reaction from 1 January 2020 to 10 September 2020, and with at least one serum creatinine value 1-365 days prior to admission. Mortality and serum creatinine values were obtained up to 10 September 2021.FindingsAdvanced age (HR 2.77, 95%CI 2.53-3.04, p < 0.0001), severe COVID-19 (HR 2.91, 95%CI 2.03-4.17, p < 0.0001), severe AKI (KDIGO stage 3: HR 4.22, 95%CI 3.55-5.00, p < 0.0001), and ischemic heart disease (HR 1.26, 95%CI 1.14-1.39, p < 0.0001) were associated with worse mortality outcomes. AKI severity (KDIGO stage 3: HR 0.41, 95%CI 0.37-0.46, p < 0.0001) was associated with worse kidney function recovery, whereas remdesivir use (HR 1.34, 95%CI 1.17-1.54, p < 0.0001) was associated with better kidney function recovery. In a subset of patients without chronic kidney disease, advanced age (HR 1.38, 95%CI 1.20-1.58, p < 0.0001), male sex (HR 1.67, 95%CI 1.45-1.93, p < 0.0001), severe AKI (KDIGO stage 3: HR 11.68, 95%CI 9.80-13.91, p < 0.0001), and hypertension (HR 1.22, 95%CI 1.10-1.36, p = 0.0002) were associated with post-AKI kidney function impairment. Furthermore, patients with COVID-19-associated AKI had significant and persistent elevations of baseline serum creatinine 125% or more at 180 days (RR 1.49, 95%CI 1.32-1.67) and 365 days (RR 1.54, 95%CI 1.21-1.96) compared to COVID-19 patients with no AKI.InterpretationCOVID-19-associated AKI was associated with higher mortality, and severe COVID-19-associated AKI was associated with worse long-term post-AKI kidney function recovery.FundingAuthors are supported by various funders, with full details stated in the acknowledgement section.

Project description:BackgroundKidney involvement is common in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) associated vasculitis (AAV). It tends to be aggressive, and in some patients, the kidney involvement may reach the criteria of acute kidney injury (AKI). Here, we aim to describe the clinical characteristics of these patients and find risk factors for poor outcomes.MethodsPatients diagnosed with AAV in our hospital from February 2003 to February 2017 were included. Those who reached the KDIGO AKI criteria were reclassified according to the KDIGO AKI stage. The clinical features of these patients were analyzed. Also, according to the variation of serum creatinine 3 months after AKI episode, patients were further divided into two groups: patients whose serum creatinine (Scr) level at the third month decreased by 30% or more from the peak Scr level was classified into G1 and others were classified into G2. Long-term renal and survival outcomes of these patients were analyzed with a Cox model. The renal endpoint was reaching end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and the survival endpoint was death. Nomograms were built based on cox models.ResultsOf 141 AAV patients included, during the median follow-up period of 64.0 (IQR 34.8, 85.4) months, 36 (25.5%) patients reached renal endpoints, and 22 (15.6%) patients died. The median renal survival time was 35.9 (IQR 21.3, 72.6) months and the median survival time was 48.4 (IQR 26.8, 82.8) months. Multivariate analysis showed that poor recovery of Scr level at 90 days (P < 0.001, RR = 9.150, 95%CI 4.163-20.113), BVAS score (P = 0.014, RR = 1.110, 95% CI1.021-1.207), and AKI stage 3 (P = 0.012 RR = 3.116, 95%CI 1.278-7.598) were independent risk factors for renal endpoints; poor recovery of Scr level at 90 days (P = 0.010, RR = 3.264, 95%CI 1.326-8.035), BVAS score (P = 0.010, RR = 1.171, 95%CI 1.038-1.320) and age (P = 0.017, RR = 1.046, 95%CI 1.008-1.086) were independent risk factors for all-cause death. The c-index of nomograms is 0.830 for the renal outcome and 0.763 for the survival outcome.ConclusionKDIGO AKI stage 3 is the risk factor for ESRD in AAV patients with AKI. The BVAS score and level of kidney function recovery at 90 days are the independent risk factors for both ESRD and all-cause death and are of predictive value for the outcome.

Dataset Information

Long-term prognosis after acute kidney injury (AKI): what is the role of baseline kidney function and recovery? A systematic review.

Objectives

Design/setting

Participants

Outcomes

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Long-term prognosis after acute kidney injury (AKI): what is the role of baseline kidney function and recovery? A systematic review.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets