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Synthesis and molecular docking of novel non-competitive antagonists of GluK2 receptor.

ABSTRACT: Here we present the synthesis, pharmacological activity, and molecular docking of novel non-competitive antagonists of GluK2 receptor. The compounds concerned are derivatives of indole and carbazole and are the second reported series of non-competitive antagonists of the GluK2 receptor (the first one was also published by our group). The activity of the indole derivatives is in the micromolar range, as in the case of the first series of non-competitive GluK2 receptor antagonists. We have found that designed carbazole derivatives are devoid of activity. Active indole derivatives interact with the transduction domain of the GluK2 receptor, i.e., the domain which links the transmembrane region of the receptor with the agonist-binding domain. The binding pocket is situated within one receptor subunit.

SUBMITTER: Kaczor AA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4295030 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous compounds that interfere with the endocrine system of vertebrates, often through direct or indirect interactions with nuclear receptor proteins. Estrogen receptors (ERs) are particularly important protein targets and many EDCs are ER binders, capable of altering normal homeostatic transcription and signaling pathways. An estrogenic xenobiotic can bind ER as either an agonist or antagonist to increase or inhibit transcription, respectively. The receptor conformations in the complexes of ER bound with agonists and antagonists are different and dependent on interactions with co-regulator proteins that vary across tissue type. Assessment of chemical endocrine disruption potential depends not only on binding affinity to ERs, but also on changes that may alter the receptor conformation and its ability to subsequently bind DNA response elements and initiate transcription. Using both agonist and antagonist conformations of the ER?, we developed an in silico approach that can be used to differentiate agonist versus antagonist status of potential binders.The approach combined separate molecular docking models for ER agonist and antagonist conformations. The ability of this approach to differentiate agonists and antagonists was first evaluated using true agonists and antagonists extracted from the crystal structures available in the protein data bank (PDB), and then further validated using a larger set of ligands from the literature. The usefulness of the approach was demonstrated with enrichment analysis in data sets with a large number of decoy ligands.The performance of individual agonist and antagonist docking models was found comparable to similar models in the literature. When combined in a competitive docking approach, they provided the ability to discriminate agonists from antagonists with good accuracy, as well as the ability to efficiently select true agonists and antagonists from decoys during enrichment analysis.This approach enables evaluation of potential ER biological function changes caused by chemicals bound to the receptor which, in turn, allows the assessment of a chemical's endocrine disrupting potential. The approach can be used not only by regulatory authorities to perform risk assessments on potential EDCs but also by the industry in drug discovery projects to screen for potential agonists and antagonists.

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Synthesis and molecular docking of novel non-competitive antagonists of GluK2 receptor.

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