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IKK? negatively regulates ASC-dependent inflammasome activation.

ABSTRACT: The inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that activate caspase-1 in response to infections and stress, resulting in the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Here we report that I?B kinase ? (IKK?) is a critical negative regulator of apoptosis-associated specklike protein containing a C-terminal caspase-activation-andrecruitment (CARD) domain (ASC)-dependent inflammasomes. IKK? controls the inflammasome at the level of the adaptor ASC, which interacts with IKK? in the nucleus of resting macrophages in an IKK? kinase-dependent manner. Loss of IKK? kinase activity results in inflammasome hyperactivation. Mechanistically, the downstream nuclear effector IKK-related kinase (IKKi) facilitates translocation of ASC from the nucleus to the perinuclear area during inflammasome activation. ASC remains under the control of IKK? in the perinuclear area following translocation of the ASC/IKK? complex. Signal 2 of NLRP3 activation leads to inhibition of IKK? kinase activity through the recruitment of PP2A, allowing ASC to participate in NLRP3 inflammasome assembly. Taken together, these findings reveal a IKKi-IKK?-ASC axis that serves as a common regulatory mechanism for ASC-dependent inflammasomes.

SUBMITTER: Martin BN

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4298287 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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IKKα negatively regulates ASC-dependent inflammasome activation.

Martin Bradley N BN Wang Chenhui C Willette-Brown Jami J Herjan Tomasz T Gulen Muhammet F MF Zhou Hao H Bulek Katarzyna K Franchi Luigi L Sato Takashi T Alnemri Emad S ES Narla Goutham G Zhong Xiao-Ping XP Thomas James J Klinman Dennis D Fitzgerald Katherine A KA Karin Michael M Nuñez Gabriel G Dubyak George G Hu Yinling Y Li Xiaoxia X

Nature communications 20140930

The inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that activate caspase-1 in response to infections and stress, resulting in the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Here we report that IκB kinase α (IKKα) is a critical negative regulator of apoptosis-associated specklike protein containing a C-terminal caspase-activation-andrecruitment (CARD) domain (ASC)-dependent inflammasomes. IKKα controls the inflammasome at the level of the adaptor ASC, which interacts with IKKα in the nucleus of resting m ...[more]

PMID: 25266676

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Project description:BackgroundPersistent inflammation dysregulation and cognitive decline have been associated with several trauma- and stress-related disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and anxiety disorder. Despite the abundant discoveries of neuroinflammation in such disorders, the underlying mechanisms still remain unclear.MethodWild-type and Nlrp3-/- mice were exposed to the electric foot shocks in the contextual fear memory paradigm. Three hours after the electric foot shocks, activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome was investigated through immunoblotting and ELISA. Microglia were isolated and analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Hippocampal tissues were collected 3 h and 72 h after the electric foot shocks and subjected to RNA sequencing. MCC950 was administrated to mice via intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-ra) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were delivered via intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion. Contextual fear responses of mice were tested on 4 consecutive days (test days 1-4) starting at 48 h after the electric foot shocks. Anxiety-like behaviors were examined by elevated plus maze and open-field test.ResultsWe demonstrated that, in the contextual fear memory paradigm, the NLRP3 inflammasome was activated 3 h after electric foot shocks. We also found an upregulation in toll-like receptor and RIG-I-like receptor signaling, and a decrease in postsynaptic density (PSD) related proteins, such as PSD95 and Shank proteins, in the hippocampus 72 h after the electric foot shocks, indicating an association between neuroinflammation and PSD protein loss after stress encounter. Meanwhile, Nlrp3 knockout could significantly prevent both neuroinflammation and loss of PSD-related proteins, suggesting a possible protective role of NLRP3 deletion during this process. For further studies, we demonstrated that both genetic knockout and pharmaceutical inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome remarkably enhanced the extinction of contextual fear memory and attenuated anxiety-like behavior caused by electric foot shocks. Moreover, cytokine IL-1β administration inhibited the extinction of contextual fear memory. Meanwhile, IL-1ra significantly enhanced the extinction of contextual fear memory and attenuated anxiety-like behavior.ConclusionTaken together, our data revealed the pivotal role of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the regulation of fear memory and the development of PTSD and anxiety disorder, providing a novel target for the clinical treatment of such disorders.

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IKK? negatively regulates ASC-dependent inflammasome activation.

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IKKα negatively regulates ASC-dependent inflammasome activation.

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