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Tooth loss, periodontal disease, and cognitive decline in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this prospective study was to investigate whether poor oral health predicted 8-year cognitive function change in predominantly late middle adults in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.Participants included a subset of ARIC participants aged 52-75 years at 1996-1998 from two study sites: Forsyth County NC and Jackson MS. All subjects completed cognitive function assessments both in 1996-1998 and 2004-2006, and the same subjects received a dental examination at the initial visit. Cognitive assessment consisted of delayed word recall (DWR), digit symbol substitution (DSS), and word fluency (WF) tests. In the analysis, cognitive function for 911 dentally screened participants was evaluated, and 558 of 785 dentate participants received comprehensive oral examinations, including periodontal probing. Measures of oral health included dental status, number of teeth, and periodontal disease classified by the biofilm-gingival interface (BGI) index. The generalized estimating equations (GEE) method was used to analyze repeated measures of cognitive scores with adjustment for socio-demographic characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors.Of 911 study participants, 13.8% were edentulous. About 13% of dentally examined participants had periodontal pockets (? 4 mm) with severe bleeding. At the follow-up visit, DWR and WF scores were lower in edentulous compared to dentate people, whereas other oral health measures were not associated with cognitive function. Mean values declined over time for all three cognitive measures, although poor oral health conditions were not associated with greater degree of decline in cognitive function.In these late middle-aged adults, complete tooth loss was significantly associated with lower cognitive performance. However, neither edentulism, number of teeth, nor periodontal disease predicted greater subsequent cognitive decline.

SUBMITTER: Naorungroj S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4303516 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Tooth loss, periodontal disease, and cognitive decline in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.

Naorungroj Supawadee S Schoenbach Victor J VJ Wruck Lisa L Mosley Thomas H TH Gottesman Rebecca F RF Alonso Alvaro A Heiss Gerardo G Beck James J Slade Gary D GD

Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 20141103 1

<h4>Objective</h4>The purpose of this prospective study was to investigate whether poor oral health predicted 8-year cognitive function change in predominantly late middle adults in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.<h4>Methods</h4>Participants included a subset of ARIC participants aged 52-75 years at 1996-1998 from two study sites: Forsyth County NC and Jackson MS. All subjects completed cognitive function assessments both in 1996-1998 and 2004-2006, and the same subjects re ...[more]

PMID: 25363061

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Previous studies suggest that heart failure (HF) is an independent risk factor for cognitive decline. A better understanding of the relationship between HF, cognitive status, and cognitive decline in a community-based sample may help clinicians understand disease risk. OBJECTIVE:To examine whether persons with HF have a higher prevalence of cognitive impairment and whether persons developing HF have more rapid cognitive decline. DESIGN:This observational cohort study of American adults in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study has two components: cross-sectional analysis examining the association between prevalent HF and cognition using multinomial logistic regression, and change over time analysis detailing the association between incident HF and change in cognition over 15 years. PARTICIPANTS:Among visit 5 (2011-2013) participants (median age 75 years), 6495 had neurocognitive information available for cross-sectional analysis. Change over time analysis examined the 5414 participants who had cognitive scores and no prevalent HF at visit 4 (1996-1998). MEASUREMENTS:The primary outcome was cognitive status, classified as normal, mild cognitive impairment [MCI], and dementia on the basis of standardized cognitive tests (delayed word recall, word fluency, and digit symbol substitution). Cognitive change was examined over a 15-year period. Control variables included socio-demographic, vascular, and smoking/drinking measures. RESULTS:At visit 5, participants with HF had a higher prevalence of dementia (adjusted relative risk ratio [RRR] = 1.60 [95% CI 1.13, 2.25]) and MCI (RRR = 1.36 [1.12, 1.64]) than those without HF. A decline in cognition between visits 4 and 5 was - 0.07 standard deviation units [- 0.13, - 0.01] greater among persons who developed HF compared to those who did not. Results did not differ by ejection fraction. CONCLUSION:HF is associated with neurocognitive dysfunction and decline independent of other co-morbid conditions. Further study is needed to determine the underlying pathophysiology.

Project description:RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE:The relationship between hypertension, antihypertension medication use, and change in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) over time among individuals with preserved GFR requires investigation. STUDY DESIGN:Observational study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS:14,854 participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. PREDICTORS:Baseline hypertension status (1987-1989) was categorized according to the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Clinical Practice Guideline as normal blood pressure, elevated blood pressure, stage 1 hypertension, stage 2 hypertension without medication, or stage 2 hypertension with medication. OUTCOMES:Slope of estimated GFR (eGFR) at 5 study visits over 30 years. ANALYTICAL APPROACH:Mixed models with random intercepts and random slopes were fit to evaluate the association between baseline hypertension status and slope of eGFR. RESULTS:At baseline, 13.2%, 7.3%, and 19.4% of whites and 15.8%, 14.9%, and 39.9% of African Americans had stage 1 hypertension, stage 2 hypertension without medication, and stage 2 hypertension with medication. Compared with those with normal blood pressure, the annual eGFR decline was greater in people with higher blood pressure (whites: elevated blood pressure, -0.11mL/min/1.73m2; stage 1 hypertension, -0.15mL/min/1.73m2; stage 2 hypertension without medication, -0.36mL/min/1.73m2; stage 2 hypertension with medication, -0.17mL/min/1.73m2; African Americans: elevated blood pressure, -0.21mL/min/1.73m2; stage 1 hypertension, -0.16mL/min/1.73m2; stage 2 hypertension without medication, -0.50mL/min/1.73m2; stage 2 hypertension with medication, -0.16mL/min/1.73m2). The 30-year predicted probabilities of developing chronic kidney disease stage G3a+with normal blood pressure, elevated blood pressure, stage 1 hypertension, stage 2 hypertension without medication, or stage 2 hypertension with medication among whites were 54.4%, 61.6%, 64.7%, 78.1%, and 70.9%, respectively, and 55.4%, 62.8%, 60.9%, 76.1%, and 66.6% among African Americans. LIMITATIONS:Slope estimated using a maximum of 5 eGFR assessments; differential loss to follow-up. CONCLUSIONS:Compared to normotension, baseline hypertension status was associated with faster kidney function decline over 30-year follow-up in a general population cohort. This difference was attenuated among people using antihypertensive medications.

Dataset Information

Tooth loss, periodontal disease, and cognitive decline in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.

Publications

Tooth loss, periodontal disease, and cognitive decline in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.

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