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Multiplexed gold nanorod array biochip for multi-sample analysis.

ABSTRACT: Optical transduction of biological bindings based on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of gold nanorods (GNRs) is attractive for label-free biosensing. The aspect ratio (AR) dependence of LSPR band maxima inherently provides an ideal multiplex mechanism. GNRs of selected sizes can be combined to ensure distinct plasmon peaks in absorption spectrum. Monitoring the spectral shift at the dedicated peaks allows for simultaneous detection of the specific analyte. Here, we first transformed the GNR's multiplexed biosensing capability to a robust chip-based format. Specifically, nanorods of AR 2.6 and 4.5 were assembled onto thiol-terminated substrates, followed by functionalization of respective antibodies to construct a GNR multiplex biochip. As a model system, concentrations of human IgG and rabbit IgG were simultaneously measured by correlating red-shifts at distinct resonance peaks caused by specific target binding. The calibration curves exhibited linear relationship between the spectral shift and analyte amount. The sensing performance in multi-analyte mode correlated nicely with those for single analyte detection with minimal cross-reactivity. Moreover, mixed GNRs can be deposited in controllable array pattern on the glass chip to analyze numerous samples at the same time. Each GNRs dot functioned independently as a multiplexed plamonic sensor. Coupled with microplate reader, this GNR nanoarray chip can potentially result in large scale assay of samples concurrently while for each sample, a multi-analyte detection simultaneously if desired. The concept shown in this work is simple and versatile that will definitely be a new paradigm in high-throughput protein biochip development in the era of nano-biosensing.

SUBMITTER: Wang Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4305352 | biostudies-literature | 2015 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:In this work, multifunctional nanocarriers consisting of poly(sodium-4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS)/doxorubicin (DOXO)/poly-l-lysine hydrobromide (PLL)/hyaluronic acid (HA)-coated and (PSS/DOXO/PLL)2/HA-coated gold nanorods were assembled by the layer-by-layer technique with the aims of coupling the plasmonic photothermal properties of the metal nanoparticles for plasmonic hyperthermia and the chemoaction of drug DOXO for potential intended combinatorial cancer therapeutics in the future as well as providing different strategies for the controlled and sustained release of the cargo drug molecules. To do that, DOXO could be successfully loaded onto the hybrid nanoconstructs through electrostatic interactions with high efficiencies of up to ca. 78.3 ± 6.9% for the first formed drug layer and 56 ± 13% for the second one, with a total efficiency for the whole system [(PSS/DOXO/PLL)2/HA-coated NRs] of ca. 65.7 ± 1.4%. Nanohybrid internalization was observed to be enhanced by the outer HA layer, which is able to target the CD44 receptors widely overexpressed in some types of cancers as lung, breast, or ovarian ones. Hence, these nanohybrid systems might be versatile nanoplatforms to simultaneously deliver sufficient heat for therapeutic plasmonic hyperthermia and the anticancer drug. Two controlled mechanisms were proposed to modulate the release of the chemodrug, one by means of the enzymatic degradable character of the PLL layer and another by the modulation of the interactions between the polymeric layers through the exploitation of the optical properties of the hybrid particles under near infrared (NIR) laser irradiation. The combination of this bimodal therapeutic approach exerted a synergistic cytotoxic effect on both HeLa and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells in vitro. Cell death mechanisms were also analyzed, elucidating that plasmonic photothermal therapy induces cell necrosis, whereas DOXO activates the cell apoptotic pathway. Therefore, the present NIR laser-induced targeted cancer thermo/chemotherapy represents a novel targeted anticancer strategy with easy control on demand and suitable therapeutic efficacy.

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Multiplexed gold nanorod array biochip for multi-sample analysis.

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