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Mmp1a and Mmp1b are not functional orthologs to human MMP1 in cigarette smoke induced lung disease.

ABSTRACT: Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1, collagenase-1) expression is implicated in a number of diseased states including emphysema and malignant tumors. The cigarette-smoke induced expression of this interstitial collegenase has been studied extensively and its inhibition proposed as a novel therapeutic treatment for tobacco related diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. However, a limitation in MMP1 research is the inability to take advantage of natural in vivo studies as most research has been performed in vitro or via animal models expressing human forms of the gene due to the lack of a rodent ortholog of MMP1. The present study examines the function of two possible mouse orthologs of human MMP1 known as Mmp1a and Mmp1b. Using genomic sequence analysis and expression analysis of these enzymes, the data demonstrate that neither MMP1a nor MMP1b behave in the same manner as human MMP1 in the presence of cigarette smoke. These findings establish that the two commonly proposed orthologs of MMP1, Mmp1a and Mmp1b, provide substantial limitations for use in examining MMP1 induced lung disease in mouse models of cigarette smoke emphysema.

SUBMITTER: Carver PI

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4308467 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Mmp1a and Mmp1b are not functional orthologs to human MMP1 in cigarette smoke induced lung disease.

Carver Phillip I PI Anguiano Vincent V D'Armiento Jeanine M JM Shiomi Takayuki T

Experimental and toxicologic pathology : official journal of the Gesellschaft fur Toxikologische Pathologie 20141210 2

Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1, collagenase-1) expression is implicated in a number of diseased states including emphysema and malignant tumors. The cigarette-smoke induced expression of this interstitial collegenase has been studied extensively and its inhibition proposed as a novel therapeutic treatment for tobacco related diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. However, a limitation in MMP1 research is the inability to take advantage of natural in vivo ...[more]

PMID: 25497407

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Project description:BackgroundExposure to cigarette smoke is a major risk factor for lung cancer, but how it induces cancer is unclear. The overexpressed in lung cancer 1 (OLC1) gene is one of 50 candidate lung cancer genes identified by suppression subtractive hybridization as having higher expression in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) than normal lung epithelia.MethodsWe used immunohistochemistry (IHC) to measure OLC1 protein levels in primary lung cancer samples from 559 patients and used fluorescence in situ hybridization to measure OLC1 copy number in primary SCC samples from 23 patients. We compared OLC1 protein expression in SCC samples of 371 patients with and without a smoking history using the Pearson chi(2) test. We assayed OLC1 protein levels by immunoblotting in H1299 human lung cancer cells, immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells, and primary cultured normal human bronchial epithelial cells that were treated with cigarette smoke condensate. We assayed tumor formation in athymic mice using NIH3T3 mouse fibroblast cells transfected with OLC1 (eight mice) and analyzed apoptosis and colony formation of H1299 and H520 lung cancer cells transfected with scrambled (negative) or OLC1 small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) (s1).ResultsOLC1 protein was overexpressed in 387 of 464 (83.4%) of primary lung cancers, as detected by IHC, and OLC1 was amplified in 14 of 23 (60%) of SCC samples. OLC1 protein overexpression was more common in SCC patients with a smoking history than those without (77.1% vs 45.8%, P < .001). In addition, cigarette smoke condensate increased OLC1 protein levels in H1299 cells, immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells, and primary cultured normal human bronchial epithelial cells. Overexpression of OLC1 induced tumor formation in athymic mice (control vs OLC1, 0% vs 100%). Knockdown of OLC1 increased apoptosis (mean percentage of apoptotic H1299 cells, s1 vs negative: 30.3% vs 6.4%, difference = 23.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 19.1% to 28.5%, P = .002; mean percentage of apoptotic H520 cells, s1 vs negative: 21.6% vs 4.9%, difference = 16.7%, 95% CI = 10.6% to 22.8%, P = .007) and decreased colony formation (mean no. of colonies of H1299 cells transfected with siRNAs, negative vs s1: 84 vs 4, difference = 80, 95% CI = 71 to 88, P < .001; mean no. of colonies of H520 cells transfected with siRNAs, negative vs s1: 103 vs 24, difference = 79, 95% CI = 40 to 116, P = .005).ConclusionsOLC1 is a candidate oncogene in lung cancer whose expression may be regulated by exposure to cigarette smoke.

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Mmp1a and Mmp1b are not functional orthologs to human MMP1 in cigarette smoke induced lung disease.

Publications

Mmp1a and Mmp1b are not functional orthologs to human MMP1 in cigarette smoke induced lung disease.

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