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Stimulation of oxidative phosphorylation by calcium in cardiac mitochondria is not influenced by cAMP and PKA activity.

ABSTRACT: Cardiac oxidative ATP generation is finely tuned to match several-fold increases in energy demand. Calcium has been proposed to play a role in the activation of ATP production via PKA phosphorylation in response to intramitochondrial cAMP generation. We evaluated the effect of cAMP, its membrane permeable analogs (dibutyryl-cAMP, 8-bromo-cAMP), and the PKA inhibitor H89 on respiration of isolated pig heart mitochondria. cAMP analogs did not stimulate State 3 respiration of Ca2 +-depleted mitochondria (82.2 ± 3.6% of control), in contrast to the 2-fold activation induced by 0.95 ?M free Ca2 +, which was unaffected by H89. Using fluorescence and integrating sphere spectroscopy, we determined that Ca2 + increased the reduction of NADH (8%), and of cytochromes bH (3%), c1 (3%), c (4%), and a (2%), together with a doubling of conductances for Complex I + III and Complex IV. None of these changes were induced by cAMP analogs nor abolished by H89. In Ca2 +-undepleted mitochondria, we observed only slight changes in State 3 respiration rates upon addition of 50 ?M cAMP (85 ± 9.9%), dibutyryl-cAMP (80.1 ± 5.2%), 8-bromo-cAMP (88.6 ± 3.3%), or 1 ?M H89 (89.7 ± 19.9%) with respect to controls. Similar results were obtained when measuring respiration in heart homogenates. Addition of exogenous PKA with dibutyryl-cAMP or the constitutively active catalytic subunit of PKA to isolated mitochondria decreased State 3 respiration by only 5–15%. These functional studies suggest that alterations in mitochondrial cAMP and PKA activity do not contribute significantly to the acute Ca2 + stimulation of oxidative phosphorylation

SUBMITTER: Covian R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4315730 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Stimulation of oxidative phosphorylation by calcium in cardiac mitochondria is not influenced by cAMP and PKA activity.

Covian Raul R French Stephanie S Kusnetz Heather H Balaban Robert S RS

Biochimica et biophysica acta 20141201 12

Cardiac oxidative ATP generation is finely tuned to match several-fold increases in energy demand. Calcium has been proposed to play a role in the activation of ATP production via PKA phosphorylation in response to intramitochondrial cAMP generation. We evaluated the effect of cAMP, its membrane permeable analogs (dibutyryl-cAMP, 8-bromo-cAMP), and the PKA inhibitor H89 on respiration of isolated pig heart mitochondria. cAMP analogs did not stimulate State 3 respiration of Ca2 +-depleted mitocho ...[more]

PMID: 25178840

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Project description:Reinforcement learning theorizes that strengthening of synaptic connections in medium spiny neurons of the striatum occurs when glutamatergic input (from cortex) and dopaminergic input (from substantia nigra) are received simultaneously. Subsequent to learning, medium spiny neurons with strengthened synapses are more likely to fire in response to cortical input alone. This synaptic plasticity is produced by phosphorylation of AMPA receptors, caused by phosphorylation of various signalling molecules. A key signalling molecule is the phosphoprotein DARPP-32, highly expressed in striatal medium spiny neurons. DARPP-32 is regulated by several neurotransmitters through a complex network of intracellular signalling pathways involving cAMP (increased through dopamine stimulation) and calcium (increased through glutamate stimulation). Since DARPP-32 controls several kinases and phosphatases involved in striatal synaptic plasticity, understanding the interactions between cAMP and calcium, in particular the effect of transient stimuli on DARPP-32 phosphorylation, has major implications for understanding reinforcement learning. We developed a computer model of the biochemical reaction pathways involved in the phosphorylation of DARPP-32 on Thr34 and Thr75. Ordinary differential equations describing the biochemical reactions were implemented in a single compartment model using the software XPPAUT. Reaction rate constants were obtained from the biochemical literature. The first set of simulations using sustained elevations of dopamine and calcium produced phosphorylation levels of DARPP-32 similar to that measured experimentally, thereby validating the model. The second set of simulations, using the validated model, showed that transient dopamine elevations increased the phosphorylation of Thr34 as expected, but transient calcium elevations also increased the phosphorylation of Thr34, contrary to what is believed. When transient calcium and dopamine stimuli were paired, PKA activation and Thr34 phosphorylation increased compared with dopamine alone. This result, which is robust to variation in model parameters, supports reinforcement learning theories in which activity-dependent long-term synaptic plasticity requires paired glutamate and dopamine inputs.

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Stimulation of oxidative phosphorylation by calcium in cardiac mitochondria is not influenced by cAMP and PKA activity.

Publications

Stimulation of oxidative phosphorylation by calcium in cardiac mitochondria is not influenced by cAMP and PKA activity.

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