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A new intracellular bacterium, Candidatus Similichlamydia labri sp. nov. (Chlamydiaceae) producing epitheliocysts in ballan wrasse, Labrus bergylta (Pisces, Labridae).

ABSTRACT: Certain wrasse species (Labridae) are used as cleaner fish in salmon farms on the Norwegian coast, reducing salmon louse intensities. The pathogen repertoire of wrasse in Norway is poorly known, and the objective of the present study is to describe a novel intracellular bacterium detected in Norwegian Labrus bergylta. Histological examination of gill tissues from ballan wrasse, L. bergylta, revealed epitheliocysts occurring basally to the secondary lamellae in the interlamellar epithelium. Ultrastructurally, these had bacteria-filled inclusions with thickened membranes and radiating ray-like structures (actinae). 16S rRNA gene sequences from the gill bacteria showed the highest (97.1 %) similarity to Candidatus Similichlamydia latridicola from the gills of the latrid marine fish Latris lineata in Australia and 94.9 % similarity to Candidatus Actinochlamydia clariae, causing epitheliocystis in the freshwater catfish Clarias gariepinus in Uganda. A total of 47 gill samples from L. bergylta from Western Norway were screened by real time RT-PCR with an assay targeting Candidatus Actinochlamydiaceae 16S rRNA. Prevalence was 100 %. We propose the name Candidatus Similichlamydia labri sp. nov. for this new agent producing gill epitheliocysts in L. bergylta.

SUBMITTER: Steigen A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4326665 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A new intracellular bacterium, Candidatus Similichlamydia labri sp. nov. (Chlamydiaceae) producing epitheliocysts in ballan wrasse, Labrus bergylta (Pisces, Labridae).

Steigen Andreas A Karlsbakk Egil E Plarre Heidrun H Watanabe Kuninori K Øvergård Aina-Cathrine AC Brevik Øyvind Ø Nylund Are A

Archives of microbiology 20141122 2

Certain wrasse species (Labridae) are used as cleaner fish in salmon farms on the Norwegian coast, reducing salmon louse intensities. The pathogen repertoire of wrasse in Norway is poorly known, and the objective of the present study is to describe a novel intracellular bacterium detected in Norwegian Labrus bergylta. Histological examination of gill tissues from ballan wrasse, L. bergylta, revealed epitheliocysts occurring basally to the secondary lamellae in the interlamellar epithelium. Ultra ...[more]

PMID: 25416125

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Project description:BackgroundParamoeba perurans is the causative agent of amoebic gill disease (AGD) in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. and many other farmed marine fish species worldwide. The first cases of AGD in Norway were reported in 2006, and it has subsequently become established as a significant gill disease that affects the country's salmonid aquaculture industry. Despite several decades of research on AGD, there is still a lack of knowledge of the biology of P. perurans and its interactions with its hosts and the environment.MethodsThe growth and morphology of 10 clonal isolates of P. perurans were studied. The isolates were from farmed Atlantic salmon and ballan wrasse that had been obtained from different sites along the Norwegian coast between 2013 and 2015. The morphology and population growth patterns of these clonal amoeba isolates were examined in vitro using light microscopy and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction under a range of temperatures (4, 12, 15 and 21 °C) and salinities (20, 25, 30 and 34 ‰).ResultsWe found distinct morphological differences between both locomotive and floating forms of the amoeba isolates. The locomotive amoebae of the clonal isolates varied in size (area) from 453 µm2 to 802 µm2. There were differences in the growth patterns of the clonal amoeba isolates under similar conditions, and in their responses to variations in temperature and salinity. While most of the isolates grew well at salinities of 25-34 ‰, a significant reduction in growth was seen at 20 ‰. Most of the amoeba isolates grew well at 12 °C and 15 °C. At 4 °C, amoebae grew slower and, in contrast to the other temperatures, no extended pseudopodia could be seen in their floating form. The isolates seemed to reach a plateau phase faster at 21 °C, with a higher number of smaller, rounded amoebae.ConclusionsThe differences observed here between clonal isolates of P. perurans should be further examined in experimental in vivo challenge studies, as they may be of relevance to the virulence and proliferation potential of this amoeba on gills. Potential differences in virulence within P. perurans could have implications for management strategies for AGD.

Dataset Information

A new intracellular bacterium, Candidatus Similichlamydia labri sp. nov. (Chlamydiaceae) producing epitheliocysts in ballan wrasse, Labrus bergylta (Pisces, Labridae).

Publications

A new intracellular bacterium, Candidatus Similichlamydia labri sp. nov. (Chlamydiaceae) producing epitheliocysts in ballan wrasse, Labrus bergylta (Pisces, Labridae).

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