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Surgery in the era of the 'omics revolution.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Surgery is entering a new phase with the revolution in genomic technology. Cheap, mass access to next-generation sequencing is now allowing the analysis of entire human genomes at the DNA and RNA level. These data sets are being used increasingly to identify the molecular differences that underlie common surgical diseases, and enable them to be stratified for patient benefit. METHODS:This article reviews the recent developments in the molecular biology of colorectal, oesophagogastric and breast cancer. RESULTS:The review specifically covers developments in genetic predisposition, next-generation sequencing studies, biomarkers for stratification, prognosis and treatment, and other 'omics technologies such as metabolomics and proteomics. CONCLUSION:There are unique opportunities over the next decade to change the management of surgical disease radically, using these technologies. The directions that this may take are highlighted, including future advances such as the 100,000 Genomes Project.

SUBMITTER: Beggs AD

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4328456 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Surgery in the era of the 'omics revolution.

Beggs A D AD Dilworth M P MP

The British journal of surgery 20150101 2

<h4>Background</h4>Surgery is entering a new phase with the revolution in genomic technology. Cheap, mass access to next-generation sequencing is now allowing the analysis of entire human genomes at the DNA and RNA level. These data sets are being used increasingly to identify the molecular differences that underlie common surgical diseases, and enable them to be stratified for patient benefit.<h4>Methods</h4>This article reviews the recent developments in the molecular biology of colorectal, oe ...[more]

PMID: 25627134

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Project description:Some people with cancer suffer from muscle wasting, lose weight and feel tired. This process, termed cachexia, is a significant problem and can lead to a reduction in both quality and quantity of life. Cachexia is caused by interactions between the tumour and the patient. Historically, it was considered to be a purely end-stage phenomenon of advanced cancer, however, it is now known that early signs of cachexia can even influence the outcomes of patients with potentially curative pathology, including those planned for a surgical resection. This study aims to collect information, from patients who are at risk of cachexia, about body composition, physical activity, quality of life and the body’s immune response to cancer. Previously these measures have been most frequently studied in isolation, or at one single time-point, and are therefore likely to give an incomplete picture. A more holistic characterisation of surgical patients at risk of cancer cachexia, across their treatments, is currently lacking. Participants with cancer will be recruited to the study from surgical services in the United Kingdom (UK). A small number of ‘control’ patients without cancer, who are undergoing surgery for a benign condition, will also be recruited for comparison. Those recruited will have their height and weight measured, answer questionnaires about quality of life, undergo assessment of their physical function and levels of activity, have blood taken to analyse markers of inflammation and have their body composition measured by a variety of methods. A subgroup of patients will also undergo an additional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of their abdomen and thighs. At the time of their operation, participants will also have small biopsies of muscle, fat, tumour and urine taken for biochemical analysis. Patients with cancer, will be asked to return for three follow up appointments during the year after their operation where these assessments will be repeated.

Dataset Information

Surgery in the era of the 'omics revolution.

Publications

Surgery in the era of the 'omics revolution.

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